Finalise the State Exco for Selangor quickly


May 20, 2013

Finalise the State Exco for Selangor quickly

COMMENT: It is indeed unfortunate that Selangor Menteri Besar, Tan Sri MB Khalid IbrahimKhalid Ibrahim, has not able to form his own “Cabinet”for more than 2 weeks since GE-13. This is due to wrangling for seats by component parties within Pakatan Rakyat.

The DAP should agree to three seats with a Speaker’s post rather than belabour over allocation of seats in the State Exco.

Let the Menteri Besar run the state as soon as possible. That requires cooperation among the coalition partners, DAP, PAS and PKR. Cooperation means compromise in the overall interest of the state. Penang and Kelantan have done so smoothly. And why not Selangor? –Din Merican

Weathering one tempest, Khalid saunters into another

by Terence Netto@http://www.malaysiakini.com

After coolly weathering the tempest caused by Azmin Ali’s challenge to his chief ministership, Khalid Ibrahim, who took his oath for a second term as Menteri Besar of Selangor last Tuesday, has had almost immediately afterwards to deal with another potentially tricky situation.

The quandary may well cause him to reflect that the tantrum thrown by Azmin was a storm in a teacup compared to what he is presently faced with.
This concerns the composition of the state executive council.

Last Thursday, at a brief meeting of the top Selangor Pakatan Rakyat leaders, the composition of the state exco was set for a four-seat allocation to DAP, with three seats each going to PKR and PAS, the latter enjoying the prerogative of nominating the speaker of the state assembly.

However, matters took an awkward turn after Khalid had a meeting with the Sultan of Selangor on Friday which caused Khalid to change tack.

On Saturday, he tweeted that the DAP has been allocated three exco seats together with the speaker’s post. This meant that four exco seats were to go to PAS and three to PKR.

NONEDAP’s Tony Pua (left), who attended last Thursday’s meeting, promptly remonstrated that the new arrangement was out of sync with the agreement reached at the Selangor Pakatan discussion.

Yesterday, Khalid tamped down the nascent contretemps by letting the DAP know that the discord would be resolved in two days.

How that was going to be possible was hard to envisage given the nature of the problem that had caused Khalid to apparently renege on the the formula for the allocation of state cabinet seats drawn up at the Selangor Pakatan meeting last Thursday.

Khalid’s backtracking was attributed to the Selangor palace’s desire to see seven of the state exco seats occupied by Malay legislators, with four seats reserved to non-Malay reps.

Acquiescing to this behest meant that Khalid would have to restrict DAP to three seats instead of the four agreed to last Thursday, with the speaker-ship thrown it as sweetener.

That approach would have allowed him to include one non-Malay in PKR’s allocation of three seats, what with the DAP’s allotment of three seats guaranteed to be occupied by its Chinese reps which would then bring the non-Malay total in the state cabinet to four, as per the Selangor palace’s wishes.

Faced with a dilemma

But if the DAP were unwilling to accede to the allocation of three seats to it plus the speakership, Khalid would be faced with a dilemma with respect to the palace-requested racial division of seven Malays to four non-Malays in the state cabinet.

The seven ‘Malay’ seats in the exco would then be occupied by legislators composed of four PAS reps, certain to be all Malay, and three PKR ones, who would necessarily be Malay in contradistinction to its multi-racial image as a party.

If Khalid cannot persuade the DAP to be satisfied with three exco seats, with the speakership thrown in, then he has to revert to the last Thursday’s arrangement whereby the DAP would be allocated four seats, and PAS three, with the speaker’s post thrown in for good measure, while PKR gets three seats.

Needless to say, this formula would not be in keeping with PKR’s multi-racial image. If this were all the problems Khalid faced with respect to the composition of the state cabinet, matters would not be comparably daunting.

There is also the matter of the ‘Aku Janji’ pledge that the Selangor palace would want exco members to make after taking the oath of office as members of the state cabinet.

There is a provision on the ‘Aku Janji’ list that requires the state ministers to pledge to abide by all the directives issued by the ruler.  This is tricky because of the dilemma exco members would be in when faced with issues where directives are perceived to be in conflict with the interests of people whom they have been elected to represent.

The ‘Aku Janji’ pledge is a legacy of the days of UMNO-BN rule, devised by a mindset that is apt to identify their survival with the interests of the people.  That it is being recycled and foisted on a Pakatan administration that has been re-endorsed by a Selangor electorate by a bigger margin than when it was first elected at the 2008 polls can be taken to be a validation of the Shakespearean insight that the bad humans do lives on after them whereas the good is often interred with their bones.

Khalid Ibrahim, by all accounts a good manager in his role as state CEO, may have felt that successfully fending off the challenge of his PKR rival Azmin Ali to his continued occupation of the Selangor MB’s post was cool; he’s just now confronted with a challenge to his mettle as a democratically elected leader of a multi-racial component of a coalition that is wont to deemphasise race in preference to national identity.

How he gets the salience of those democratic facts across to people who can be a little forgetful about the nature of our polity where the monarchy is constitutional – and not peremptory – constitutes the bigger test of his calibre as a leader.

A Constitutional Farce and an Inauspicious Start for Premier Najib


May 18, 2013

COMMENT: When do you things in a hurry, you are bound to overlook procedures and ignore past practices. But this “oversight” is more serious than that. The appointments of Wahid and Paul Low as Ministers and Loga and Ahmad Bashah as Deputy Ministers are in violation of Article 43 (1) (b) and Article 43A(1) of the Federal Constitution. Unless they are formally sworn in as Senators, they cannot take up their ministerial posts.

One would have thought that the Attorney-General would have been consulted before these appointments were made. Of course, our public officials think that this “glitch” is a technical issue that can be easily rectified by swearing them in as members of Dewan Negara. In truth, a violation is a violation.

ALI HAMSAWhat an inauspicious start for the Prime Minister. Perhaps, the Chief Secretary to the Government, Dr Ali Hamsa, should take rap for failing to ensure that all ministerial appointments as in this instance comply with the provisions of our constitution. His job is to ensure that our Prime Minister is  NOT put in a very awkward position.

Dr Ali should know that Government is serious business. Maybe, Caesar’s wife can teach him a thing or two about good housekeeping. Always do the right thing. –Din Merican

A Constitutional Farce and  an Inauspicious Start for Premier Najib

by Lim Kit Siang

What a constitutional farce – Paul Low and Abdul Wahid Omarwaythamoorthy not legally Ministers and Waytha, Loga and Ahmad Bashah not legally Deputy Ministers as they have not been sworn in as Senators

It is neither a good omen nor a good start for Datuk Seri Najib Razak’s post-13GE Cabinet.

Already Najib’s new Cabinet labours under a cloud of legitimacy for the simple reason that Datuk Seri Najib Razak’s Prime Ministership is under a cloud of legitimacy – not only because Najib and Barisan Nasional got 47% popular vote as compared to Anwar Ibrahim and Pakatan Rakyat’s 51% popular vote, but also because the 13GE was the most unfair and dirtiest general elections in the nation’s history.

If the 13th GE had been clean, free and fair, with a level playing field for both coalitions, Anwar and PR would not only have an increased popular vote over 60 per cent or even exceeding 65 per cent, but would also have won a majority of the 222 parliamentary seats in the country.

There are 10 Ministers in the Prime Minister’s Department, the PM, DPM and eight Ministers in the Prime Minister’s Department, more than the four Ministers in the Prime Minister’s Department in the last Cabinet.

There are 10 Ministers in the Prime Minister’s Department, the PM, DPM and eight Ministers in the Prime Minister’s Department, more than the four Ministers in the Prime Minister’s Department in the last Cabinet.

Now, Najib’s post-13GE Cabinet has also become a farce and even a joke as it has two illegal Ministers and three illegal Deputy Ministers although they have gone through an unlawful oath-taking ceremony before the Yang di Pertuan Agong on May 17, 2013.

Paul-LowIt is sad and shocking that the Prime Minister’s Department and the various government departments involved have become so careless, negligent and remiss that the fullest compliance with the proper laws, regulations, proprieties and protocols have been ignored or even violated – which should never have happened in a 56-year-old parliamentary democracy under six Prime Ministers.

Even the Transparency International-Malaysia Election Integrity Pledge signed by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Razak on February 20 to comply and observe four principles of good governance had been disregarded, the four principles being:

  • Truth, integrity, ethical conduct and accountability, including not accepting or giving bribes or being involved in corrupt practices in any way;

  • Upholding and giving priority to the interests of the rakyat as a whole;

  • Good governance and transparency; and

  • Compliance with all the applicable laws and regulations of Malaysia.

It cannot be more ironical that Paul Low, President of TI-M who witnessed Najib’s signing of the Election Integrity Pledge is himself party to the violation of the Pledge on his appointment as Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department.

Yesterday, after the swearing-in ceremony for Ministers and Deputy Ministers before the Yang di Pertuan Agong Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah at Istana Negara, Najib convened a two-hour Cabinet session at the Cabinet Room in Putrajaya.

However, a dark cloud hanged over both proceedings – as up to the present moment, Datuk Paul Low and Datuk Seri Abdul Wahid Omar (both Prime Minister’s Department) are not legally Ministers and Waytha Moorthy (PM’s Office), Dr. J. Loga Bala Mohan (Federal Territories) and Datuk Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah (Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism) are not legally Deputy Ministers as they have not been sworn in as Senators.

Was the two-hour first Cabinet meeting yesterday tainted by illegality because of the attendance of two illegal Ministers, Paul Low and Abdul Wahid.

Today, Paul Low is already giving interviews as Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, which he is not entitled to, as his Ministerial appointment can only take effect when he is sworn in as Senator – which is very clear from Article 43 (1) (b) in the case of Ministers and Article 43A(1) in the case of Deputy Ministers.

I am given to understand that up to now, there has been no swearing in of the five for them to take up the two Ministerial and three Deputy Ministerial appointments.

We have illegal voters....and now we have illegal Ministers

We have illegal voters….and now we have illegal Ministers

Is there going to be a “rushed” midnight swearing-in of the five as Senators? Najib should explain how such a glaring breach of the Constitution and the law as well as causing embarrassment to the Yang di Pertuan Agong in producing such a farce of Cabinet-making could happen.

Evolusi Cara Negara China – Bakri Musa


February 11, 2013

Evolusi Cara Negara China – Bakri Musa

http://suaris.wordpress.com/2013/01/31/evolusi-cara-negara-china-dr-bakri/

Liberating the Malay MindDALAM wawancara ketiga ini, Dr Bakri Musa bercakap berkenaan kaedah terbaik memajukan bangsa Melayu. Beliau memilih kaedah evolusi dengan mengambil contoh negara China mencipta kejutan kepada ekonomi dunia. Menurutnya, tidak sampai satu generasi, China di bawah pemerintahan Deng Xiaopeng telah menukar lanskap China dari sebuah negara mundur menjadi kuasa ekonomi kedua terbesar dunia.

Dr Bakri menolak sebarang kaedah berbentuk revolusi, yang sering dianggap mencetuskan perubahan ke atas sesebuah masyarakat, sebaliknya himpunan evolusi akan menghasilkan sebuah ‘revolusi’ yang lebih baik.

Ikuti temubual selengkapnya.

Suaris  Dalam banyak tulisan Dr mencadangkan kaedah yang lebih berbentuk evolusi dalam mengubah cara berfikir dan bertindak orang Melayu. Yang manakah lebih berkesan? Adakah orang Melayu perlu dikejutkan dengan suatu revolusi sebagaimana pengalaman sejarah Jepun atau Korea yang berjaya menghasilkan lompatan kuantum kepada kejayaan mereka hari ini.

Bakri Musa  Bila Mohamed Bouazizi membakar dirinya di Tunisia pada Januari 4, 2011, bukan tujuannya untuk mencetus rusuhan atau revolusi. Dia hanya sudah putus asa, tiada harapan lagi. Tetapi perbuatan peribadinya mengakibatkan pertukaran bercorak “revolutionary” bukan sahaja di Tunisia bahkan di seluruh dunia Arab.

Gamal Nasser berkobar-kobar hendak merevolusikan negara Arab. Akibatnya Mesir hampir dihentam habis oleh Israel pada 1967. (Allahyarham Dato’) Senu Abdul Rahman serta pemimpin-pemimpin Melayu seperti Abdullah Badawi dan cendekiawan-cendekiawan kita begitu juga bergiat dengan “revolusi mental” mereka. Sekarang buku yang dikarang mereka dengan tajuk yang sama susah pun nak dapat dicari, dan bangsa Melayu masih begitu juga!

Sama ada satu pertukaran itu “evolusi” atau “revolusi” tergantung bukan atas niat dan tindakan tetapi (atas) akibat dan keputusan. Bouazizi berniat dan bertindak hanya untuk memutuskan penderitaannya, tetapi akibatnya melancar satu revolusi dunia Arab yang menjatuhi orang kuat seperti Mubarak dan Gaddafi.

“Evolusi” saya maksudkan satu pertukaran atau perbuatan yang sikit demi sedikit dan perlahan-lahan, sementara revolusi ialah perbuatan atau pertukaran yang kasar dan merompak. Kita sedia maklum bahawa gunung boleh diruntuhkan dengan menyembur air dikakinya (seperti melombong bijih pada masa dulu) atau dengan melempar bahan letupan. Akibat kedua- duanya sama saja.

James C. Scott, seorang ahli sains politik, pernah membuat kajian masyarakat kita di jelapang padi Kedah pada tahun lapan puluhan. Di dalam bukunya Weapons of the Weak (Senjata Si Lemah), ia mengunakan kiasan lain. Bila kapal negeri terhempas ke atas batu karang, kita lupa bahawa batu karang itu adalah akibat beratus-ratus tahun dibina sikit demi sedikit atas rasa benci dan tentangan rakyat yang tidak ternampak (evolusi). Yang ternyata pada pandangan umum ialah kapal itu tenggelam dengan cepat (revolusi).

Kajian dan keputusan saudara mengenai Jepun dan Korea Selatan kurang tepat. Betul, bila dipandang sekarang akibat pertukaran masyarakat mereka memang “revolutionary” tetapi langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh pemimpin mereka semuanya cara sikit demi sedikit dan melingkungi beberapa dekad.

Jepun seumpamanya selepas Meiji Restoration (1868)  menghantar ribuan Bakri Musakakitangan kerajaan dan guru-guru ke Barat untuk mengkaji cara pemerintahan dan pendidikan. Mereka bukan di hantar seminggu dua cara “cuti belajar” bahkan bertahun-tahun. Hingga sekarang Jepun masih mengambil ribuan guru Inggeris dari Barat. Itu semuanya pertukaran “evolusi” bukan “revolusi.” Kita ambil dua tiga kerat guru dari Amerika melalui rancangan Fulbright kita hebohkan dan sifatkan revolutionary!

Begitu juga Korea Selatan. Dalam tahun tujuh puluhan beribu-ribu pelajar Korea dihantar ke Amerika untuk mengambil ijazah lanjutan dalam sains dan kejuruteraan. Bila Presiden Pak melawat Amerika dia berjumpa dengan pelajar-pelajar tersebut dan memikat serta memujuk mereka balik, termasuk mereka yang pernah menentang dia. Bila balik, mereka diberi kemudahan seperti duit pinjaman untuk membuat perusahaan sendiri.

Bakri's BookBandingkan dengan Perdana Menteri Najib; penuntut yang dijumpainya ialah “flunkie” Petronas University bernama Saiful, kononnya mencari scholarship! Saya mengupas lebih mendalam cerita Jepun dan Korea Selatan (serta Ireland dan Argentina) dalam buku saya Malaysia In The Era of Globalization (2002).

Menyambung pandang (ke) timur, contoh yang lebih dekat dari segi tempat serta masa ialah Negara China. Mao Zedong berkobar-kobar merevolusikan negeri dan masyarakatnya. Akibat nya beratus-ratus juta rakyat China mati kebuluran. Beratus-ratus juta! Makanya, keselurohan Negara China hancus! Masok Deng (Xiaopeng), dia tidak berikrar “merevolusikan,” atau menguna istilah Najib, “mentranformasikan” masyarakat China.

Kepada Deng, dia tidak kira apa warna kucing asalkan ia dapat menangkap tikus. Itu saja! Dengan itu dia berjaya menukar fikiran rakyat, dan seterusnya corak bangsa dan negara China. Sekarang, tak sampai satu keturunan pun, negara China sudah melebihi ekonomi Jepun dan Jerman, serta mengancam membuat demikian kepada ekonomi Amerika.

Jiran kita Indonesia tak habis-habis berevolusi di bawah pimpinan Sukarno, tetapi rakyatnya berterusan menganggur dan bangsat. Mahathir pun bersemangat begitu juga untuk  menukar corak budaya dan bangsa kita. Akhirnya, dia yang menangis.

On MalaysiaMengikut kiasan kebun saya dahulu, revolusi ialah menyembur racun Roundup merata-rata. Betul itu akan membunuh lalang tetapi malangnya tanaman yang berguna pun habis juga di kebas. Sebaliknya, dengan evolusi kita ambil Roundup dan curahkan sedikit demi sedikit ke akar lalang sahaja, jadi tanaman lain tidak diracun dan boleh gembur sebab tiada lawanan daripada lalang. Bahkan, lalang itu betul-betul diracuni dengan pekat; ia tak akan boleh timbul lagi.

Merdekakan Minda Melayu, seorang demi seorang, dengan cara evolusi, akibatnya nanti akan menghairankan kita dan semestinya dianggap revolusi. Minda Melayu yang merdeka akan mengejutkan masyarakat kita. Apabila minda kita merdeka, kita tidak boleh lagi dijajah, atau mengikut istilah ahli falsafah Algeria Malek Bennabi, tidak lagi “colonizable.”

Yang indahnya, bila minda kita merdeka, kita akan terus terang nampak bahawa tanaman yang mewah hijau dan tinggi di dalam kebun kita itu ialah lalang dan bukannya alfalfa (rumput seperti lalang tetapi bernilai tinggi sebagai makanan binatang ternakan) yang disifatkkan oleh ketua peladang kita.

Be a Man, My Son

Merdekakan Minda Melayu:Temuramah dengan Dr. Bakri Musa (Bahagian ke-2)


February 4, 2013

Merdekakan Minda Melayu: Temuramah dengan Dr. Bakri Musa (Bahagian ke-2)

http://suaris.wordpress.com

Bakri MusaDALAM siri temuramah Suaris bersama Dr Bakri Musa bahagian kedua, Dr menyatakan pentingnya orang Melayu bersama pemimpin-pemimpinnya melakukan anjakan dengan mengubah pemikiran mereka ke arah kemajuan dan rasionaliti. Mereka tidak sepatutnya taksub kepada ajaran mahu pun arahan yang meminta mereka supaya berfikiran jumud, mundur ke belakang sekalipun arahan itu datangnya dari seorang ulama atau pemimpin utama. Mereka juga diseru supaya membuang kebergantungan berlebihan mereka kepada tongkat (bantuan kerajaan) supaya mereka lebih berdikari dan percaya diri.

Ikuti temuramah tersebut selengkapnya.

Suaris:  Dr Mahathir dalam satu rancangan di Astro Awani beberapa hari lepas berkata orang Melayu akan terus ketinggalan sekiranya tidak dibantu, yang diistilahkan beliau sebagai tongkat. Adakah Dr bersetuju orang Melayu terus diberikan tongkat berkenaan. Sampai bila bantuan ini perlu diteruskan?

Dr Bakri:  Kalau orang Melayu sekarang masih lagi kebelakangan selepas lebih daripada 55 tahun di “bantu” oleh kerajaan UMNO, kita patut periksa dengan teliti apakah yang disifatkan “bantuan” itu.

Sebagai ibu bapa kita sedia maklum betapa mustahaknya cara kita membantu anak anak kita. Kalau kita selalu sahaja memanjakan, jangan harapkan mereka menjadi cemerlang. Kalau kita terlalu kuat atau “strict,” mungkin mereka akan hilang ketegasan sendiri (self-confidence). Begitu juga kalau kita selalu memburukkan dan memberatkan kelemahan mereka.

Dalam rawatan moden, seseorang yang sudah dibedah tulang punggungnya jarang diberi tongkat; kalau diberi hanya untuk seminggu dua sahaja. Sebaliknya, pesakit diberi physiotherapy untuk tujuan berjalan sendiri tanpa tongkat. Pesakit yang saya bedah, pada keesokan harinya saya menyuruh dia bangun berjalan tanpa pertolongan.

Banyak bahayanya jika si pesakit terbaring sahaja di atas katil, antaranya darah beku (blood clot) yang boleh mengakibatkan maut. Pesakit yang saya bedah kerana appendicitis biasanya keluar dari hospital pada esok hari dan kembali berkerja dalam tempoh seminggu. Dua puloh tahun dahulu, si pesakit seumpama tinggal di hospital lebih seminggu.

Satu wawasan perubatan ialah jika badan kita (sama ada urat, tulang, danLiberating the Malay Mind juga otak) tidak di kerjakan atau dilatih ia akan menjadi lemah dan reput. Jika saya ikatkan bujang (pemuda) yang kuat dan sehat di atas katil dan “bantu” dia makan, mandi dan sebagainya supaya dia tak payah pun bergerak satu urat, tak sampai seminggu hamba Allah itu tidak akan boleh bangun sendiri; dia akan memohon tongkat sebab badannya sudah menjadi lemah. Itu bahayanya “menolong” berlebih- lebihan.

Kita perlu kaji dengan teliti mengapa “pertolongan” yang diberi kepada kaum kita oleh kerajaan UMNO tidak berkesan.

Dr. Mahathir pernah merawat pesakit. Kalau si pesakit tidak sembuh dengan ubat dan rawatan yang diberi, patutkah si doktor terus dengan ubat dan rawatan yang sama bertahun- tahun? Mungkin si pesakit patut dibantu dengan Penicillin, bukan Panadol.

Kadang kadang, walau pun ubat yang diberi itu sesuai, mungkin sukatan yang diberi tidak mencukupi atau berlebihan. Betul, Panadol akan menurunkan demam, tetapi hanya jika diberi dalam sukatan yang berpatutan. Kalau diberi suku pil sahaja, demam takkan turun, dan kita akan salahkan ubat!

Kalau kita bagi ubat berlebihan, itu pun boleh menjadi bisa dan bahaya. Di Amerika setiap tahun berapa orang kanak-kanak maut kerana ibu memberi Tylenol (ubat seperti Panadol) berlebihan mengikut sukatan yang sesuai untuk orang dewasa.

Kalaupun kita bagi ubat yang sesuai serta sukatan yang berpatutan tetapi pesakit masih tidak sembuh, ini bermakna kita patut dan mesti tukar “diagnosis” dan rawatan kita. Penyakit seperti appendicitis memerlukan pembedahan, bukan penicillin.

Mungkin pembaca kurang selesa dengan metafora perubatan, jadi saya gunakan gambaran peladang. Di ladang, kalau kita tidak cabutkan dengan habis-habisan termasuk uratnya, lalang akan gembur dan menimbun serta merosakkan tanaman yang berharga. Apa lagi kalau kita “tolong” lalang itu dengan membajakannya!

Kebun UMNO sekarang ditimbuni lalang. Kalau kita hendak menolong UMNO dan orang Melayu pada umumnya, kita patut semburkan racun Round Up untuk membunuh lalang-lalang itu supaya kita boleh tanam benda yang berguna dan mereka berpeluang bangun. Tetapi apa yang kita buat sekarang? Kita bajakan lalang! Alasannya, betul lalang, tetapi lalang Melayu! Kita mesti tolong sebab Melayu!

“Pertolongan” yang dihebohkan oleh Dr. Mahathir dan pemimpin-pemimpin UMNO saya sifatkan seumpama membajakan lalang. Akibatnya banyak dan lumayan lalang Melayu sekarang; Isa Samad sekarang sembur sebagai peneraju FELDA. Dia dibuktikan bersalah “wang politik” oleh kerabatnya dalam UMNO beberapa tahun lepas. Khir Toyo satu lagi lalang Melayu yang sekarang sembur dalam istana kayangannya yang dibiayai oleh (wang) rakyat.

Di bahagian swasta, lalang Tajuddin Ramli hampir mengorbankan kebun MAS. Banyak lagi lalang di Utusan dan New Straits Times. Dalilnya, pembaca NST sekarang tak sampai separuh daripada sepuluh tahun dahulu. Lalang Melayulah yang menimbun dan akhirnya memusnahkan Bank Bumiputra. Kita tidak hairan dengan kehijauan dan kesuburan lalang, walau pun lalang Melayu!

Pemimpin Melayu seperti Mahathir patut tekun mencari jalan lain yang lebih bererti dan berkesan untuk menolong kaum kita. Jangan hanya suka memuaskan hati dengan mencaci dan membangkitkan kononnya kelemahan bangsa kita. Masyarakat Melayu sekarang berkehendakkan pertolongan racun Roundup bukan baja Urea untuk menghapuskan ahli lalang dalam masyarakat kita. Kebun kita sudah dibanjiri lalang.

Ada pepatah Kristian yang saya terjemahkan lebih kurang seperti berikut. Kalau kita menolong si miskin dengan memberinya seekor ikan, dia akan dapat makan hanya sehari. Tetapi kalau kita tolong dengan mengajar dia mengail, dia akan dapat makan selama hidup. Kalau tolong lebih sedikit, seumpama memberi pinjaman untuk membeli sampan, dia akan mengail laut yang luas dan dapat menanggung sekampung.

Kita tidak menolong kaum kita dengan memberi kuota masuk universiti dengan senang, lesen mengimport dan kontrak-kontrak lumayan, atau menyuruh perusahaan bangsa lain mengambil pengarah-pengarah (biasanya ahli politik) Melayu. Jauh sekali! Itu hanya membajakan lalang. Mereka hanya “ersatz capitalists” atau perusahaan menenggek, bukan tulen.

Pertolongan yang lebih bermakna dan berkatnya berpanjangan ialah jika kita menolong orang Melayu berfikir sendiri. Bebaskan otak orang Melayu. Kalau ungkapan kita masa tahun lima puluhan dahulu ialah “Merdeka Tanah Melayu,” sekarang slogan kita mestilah, “Merdeka Minda Melayu!

visiItulah tema buku saya terakhir, “Liberating The Malay Mind.” Apakah yang saya maksudkan dengan minda merdeka? Konsep ini lebih terang dijelaskan melalui cerita seorang alim, Mullah Nasaruddin. Ia terkenal kerana mengajar melalui contoh yang ringkas dan jenaka diri sendiri.

Dia ada jiran yang suka meminjam keldai Mullah tetapi lalai untuk mengembalikannya. Pada satu hari jiran itu datang untuk meminjam binatang itu. Pak Mullah, (yang telah) menjangkakan permintaan itu, telah dulunya menyorokkan binatang itu di dalam reban dan tidak ternampak dari luar. Bila jiran itu memohon, Mullah Nasaruddin dengan lenang membalas, “Keldai ku sudah dipinjam oleh abangku semalam.”

Bila jiran itu kecewa pusing balik, dia kedengaran binatang itu melaung dalam reban. “Kau katakan keldai telah dipinjam oleh abang kau.”

Mullah serta-merta menjawab, “Kau lebih percayai ringkikan keldai lebih daripada suara Mullah?”

Seorang yang mempunyai minda merdeka lebih mempercayai laungan We the Rakyatkeldai itu; mereka yang mempunyai minda yang masih dipenjarakan oleh adat dan budaya akan turut mempercayai Mullah walaupun keldai itu ada di hadapan mata.

Kita mesti melatih orang Melayu supaya bila kita dengar laungan keldai kita mesti mempercayai telinga kita walau pun Pak Lebai mengatakan itu hanya suara rekaan sahaja.

Dalam buku terakhir, saya mengemukakan empat cara untuk membebaskan minda Melayu. Pertama, membebaskan sebaran am dan punca-punca maklumat dan berita serta pandangan. Kedua, mengadakan sistem pendidikan yang bebas (liberal education) dan berlandasan kukuh atas asas sains dan matematik.

Ketiga, mendorongkan perusahan dan perdagangan dalam masyarakat kita; iaitu mengalakkan orang Melayu menjadi kaum perusahaan. Bila kita berdagang, kita sifatkan orang bangsa lain bukan sebagai pendatang tetapi bakal pelanggan kita. Maknanya, asas keuntungan kita!

Keempat, kita mesti kaji semula bagaimana kita mengajar agama kepada anak- anak kita serta bagaimana kita mengamalkan agama yang suci ini. Islam telah membebaskan kaum Bedouin Arab yang kanun, membebaskan mereka dari Zaman Jahiliyah kepada Zaman Cahaya. Begitu juga Islam patut membebaskan orang Melayu memulai dengan membebaskan minda kita.

MahathirTanpa membebaskan minda Melayu, tidak kira berapa billion pertolongan kita beri, seberapa lumayan kontrak, AP serta kuota-kuota lain kita hadiahkan, atau berapa senangnya anak-anak kita masuk universiti, itu semuanya tidak bermakna atau berkesan. Semuanya itu bukan “pertolongan” yang tulin, bahkan hanya candu untuk syok sendiri dan hisapan khayalan sahaja. Semuanya saya umpamakan membajakan lalang.

Sebagai negara merdeka Malaysia telah mencapai banyak kejayaan. Kalau kita merdekakan minda Melayu, tidak terhad kejayaan kita sebagai perseorangan dan juga sebagai masyarakat. Yang indahnya, bila minda kita merdeka, ia tidak boleh lagi dipenjarakan.

Tidak payahlah kita ragukan unsur-unsur seperti globalisasi dan neokolonial. Kita tidak lagi bimbang bila anak kita fasih dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa asing. Dengan minda merdeka kita tidak akan berasa terancam bila makhluk Allah lain menggunakan istilah ‘Allah’.

Merdekakan minda Melayu! Itulah satu pertolongan yang berkesan dan tak terharga!

Berbalik semula ke ‘tongkat’ yang paling dihargai oleh Mahathir dan kerabatnya dalam UMNO, bagaimana kita boleh mengharap orang-orang kampung membuang tongkat kecil kayu mereka sedangkan tongkat emas yang beberapa lagi indah dan besar diberi kepada sultan-sultan, raja- raja dan menteri- menteri?

Kita marah bila Pak Mat di Kampong Kerinchi menyelewengkan wang pinjaman MARA dua tiga ratus ringgit untuk memajukan warung kopinya untuk membeli baju sekolah anaknya, tetapi bila suami menteri menyelewengkan berjuta- juta duit rakyat untuk membeli kondo mewah, pemimpin seperti Mahathir senyap sahaja.

Melayu tak payah diberi tongkat apa-apa pun. Pertolongan yang patut diberi ialah untuk membebaskan minda kita. Kalau hendak beri pertolongan, hanya tolonglah sedikit mencabut lalang di kebun kita supaya pisang, timun dan kacang kita boleh berpeluang tumbuh. Kalau enggan berbuat demikian, tolong janganlah bajakan lalang tu!

(akan disambung…)

Sudut Fikiran Bakri Musa


28hb. Januari, 2013

http://suaris.wordpress.com

Sudut Fikiran Bakri Musa

Masa Depan Melayu

Kalau lebih ramai lagi memberi dan menyumbang daripada mereka yang bergantung dan menerima, cepatlah maju masyarakat itu…

Dr Bakri Musa agak asing kepada sesetengah pembaca Malaysia. Tambahan pula kepada sesetengah pembaca yang kurang terdedah dengan medium internet berbahasa Inggeris, maka mereka dijangka sedikit kerugian apabila idea-idea bernas dari penulis dan pemikir hebat seperti Dr Bakri tidak dapat diakses kepada mereka.

Suaris telah mengambil inisiatif untuk mendekatkan pembaca berbahasa Melayu khususnya dengan buah fikiran Dr Bakri. Selaku anak kelahiran negeri Sembilan, dan mewakili generasi awal Bumiputera yang mendapat peluang pendidikan luar Negara, Dr Bakri tidak pernah melupakan asal-usulnya dan membalas budi tanah airnya melalui senarai idea dan tulisan, yang sebahagiannya dibukukan.

Liberating the Malay MindTerbaru, beliau muncul dengan koleksi tulisannya yang diberi judul ‘Liberating The Malay Mind’ yang diterbit oleh ZI Publication. Sekalipun bermastautin di Amerika Syarikat, membaca naskah tulisan beliau menyebabkan kita berasa amat dekat dengannya.

Dalam kesempatan ini, Dr Bakri berbincang mengenai topik yang penting dan amat relevan dengan situasi orang Melayu di Negara kita, iaitu “Bangsa Melayu dan Masa Depan’. Warga Melayu dilihat berada di persimpangan dalam banyak perkara; persimpangan politik, ekonomi, pembangunan, pendidikan dan sosial amnya. Pendek kata, bagaimanakah rupa perkembangan masa depan orang Melayu dalam dekad akan datang dan bagaimanakah mereka akan menghadapinya?

Ikuti wawancara tersebut selengkapnya.

Suaris:  Apa khabar Dr? Diharapkan Dr dan isteri sentiasa sihat dan diberkati Allah hendaknya.

Dr Bakri:  Beres!  Sehat sahaja, Alhamdullillah!

Suaris : Dr banyak menulis berkenaan ketidaksediaan orang Melayu dalam menghadapi masa depan mereka? Sejauh mana tidak bersedianya mereka ini?

Dr Bakri : Di dalam buku saya Towards A Competitive Malaysia (Ke arah Malaysia Membangun) saya mengemukakan kesimpulan ini: Kemajuan atau kemunduran sesuatu masyarakat dan negeri tergantung kepada empat tiang – pemimpin (leaders), rakyat (people), budaya (culture), dan alam sekitar (geography).

Daripada empat unsur itu, hanya satu sahaja – alam sekitar – yang tidak boleh di ubah. Sama ada negara itu kaya dengan minyak dan tanahnya subur adalah berkat daripada Tuhan. Bersyukur dan untunglah rakyatnya.

Towards a Competitive Malaysia

Tetapi kalau negara yang bertuah itu mempunyai pemimpin yang korup dan tidak bijak, rakyatnya tidak mempunyai kebolehan atau kepakaran, dan budayanya merosot dan suka membazir, lama kelamaan masyarakat itu akan mundur. Banyak contoh di dunia sekarang, antaranya Brunei dan negera Arab.

Di sebaliknya, jika alam atau geografi negeri itu tidak bertuah, tanahnya penuh dengan gunung-gunung yang tinggi dan dibalut salji yang tebal, dan cuacanya sejuk menyebabkan tanaman boleh tumbuh hanya empat atau lima bulan sahaja setahun, tetapi jika mutu pemimpin, rakyat dan budaya masyarakat itu tinggi, ia akan maju dan terus maju. Contohnya Switzerland.

Kita mudah faham betapa mustahaknya pemimpin yang bijak, cekap dan beramanah. Pemimpin yang saya maknakan bukan sahaja dalam medan politik dan pentabiran negeri (menteri dan penghulu), tetapi juga dalam agama (mufti dan ustaz), masyarakat (sultan dan raja raja), pendidikan (professor dan guru guru), ibu bapa dll.

Mutu rakyat atau modal insan (human capital) tergantung kepada dua ukuran: kesihatan dan pendidikan. Kalau rakyat kita tidak sihat (ketagih dadah, dijangkiti malaria dan denggi), mereka tidak akan cekap dan berupaya. Kalau dasar pelajaran kita mundur, pemuda pemudi kita tidak akan mahir.

Seseorang makhluk itu adalah menyumbang dan memberi, atau bergantung dan menerima daripada masyarakat. Kalau lebih ramai lagi memberi dan menyumbang daripada mereka yang bergantung dan menerima, cepatlah maju masyarakat itu. Sebaliknya jika lebih ramai menerima dan bergantung cepatlah mundur masyarakat atau negeri itu.

Apa yang saya maksudkan dengan istilah budaya ialah acara acara, badan-badan serta adat resam dan nilai-nilai masyarakat itu.

Cuba ambil badan-badan. Bila saya beli daging di kedai saya tahu ada badan-badan dan undang-undang yang mengesahkan bahawa daging itu bersih dan halal. Kalau tidak, ramai pembeli yang akan sakit dan mati akibat makan daging busuk. Bagitu juga jika kita tidak ada badan dan undang-undang yang kita tidak percayai, siapa yang akan mengesahkan bahawa rumah yang saya nak beli itu betul-betul dipunyai oleh si penjual? Banyak masa and jasa akan membazir hanya untuk mengesahkan yang penjual betul-betul tuan punya harta yang nak dijual.

Bagitu juga bila saya simpan wang di bank, saya yakin duit saya itu tidak akan hilang dilarikan oleh manager bank itu.

Tentang nilai budaya, jika kita hormatkan penipu, pencuri dan penyangak, itu memberi tauladan kepada orang ramai terutama yang muda. Mereka pun akan menjadi penyamun dan pencuri seperti kaum Mafia di Italy Selatan.

Keempat empat unsur-unsur itu bertindak balas antara satu dan lain. Maknanya, rakyat yang bijak akan memilih atau mengundi pemimpin yang sama bijak dan tidak akan melayan atau tunduk kepada pemimpin yang angkuh dan penipu. Bagitu juga pemimpin yang bijak akan membina dasar pendidikan yang membolehkan murid murid menerima ilmu dan kemahiran yang membolehkan mereka menjadi rakyat yang soleh.

Rakyat dan pemimpin yang bijak akan mengunakan dan memelihara alam sekitar nya dengan bijak. Misalnya Cancun, Mexico, dalam tahun lima puluhan dulu adalah satu kampung nelayan yang miskin. Tetapi oleh kebijakan pemimpin serta mutu rakyat yang bertambah tinggi, Cancun sekarang bukan lagi pusat nelayan tetapi pusat pelancongan yang masyhur dan maju. Nelayan yang dahulunya miskin sekarang mewah berkerja sebagai “tour guide” untuk pelancong dari America dan Europah yang tiba beribu untuk memancing sebagai sport.

Bila kita periksa keadaan masyarakat Melayu sekarang dari sudut keempat empat elemen yang saya terangkan diatas, iaitu pemimpin, mutu rakyat, budaya, dan alam sekitar kita, apakah markah yang patut kita bagi?

Cuba tengok alam sekitar kita. Pantai-pantai kita indah, ombaknya biru, airnya tidak sejuk, dan matahari selalu sahaja bercahaya. Patutnya berjuta orang Eropah dan Jepun melancong ke negeri kita. Kalah Cancun! Apa sebab tidak begitu? Tengoklah, sampah merata rata, kemudahan awam saperti tandas dan bilik mandi tak ada, kalau ada pun kotor.

Di mana salahnya?  Pemimpin? Betul! Rakyat? Betul juga! Budaya? Susahlah nak cakap! Di dalam buku saya Towards A Competitive Malaysia saya huraikan pelbagai cara memimpin, cara-cara untuk meninggikan mutu rakyat, meninggikan unsur-usur budaya kita, serta membela alam sekitar kita supaya mengutungi masyarakat.

II   Melayu Perlu Merdeka

Masyarakat Melayu sekarang berkehendakkan pertolongan racun Roundup bukan baja Urea untuk menghapuskan ahli lalang dalam masyarakat kita. Kebun kita sudah dibanjiri lalang…

DALAM siri temuramah Suaris bersama Dr Bakri Musa bahagian kedua, Dr menyatakan pentingnya orang Melayu bersama pemimpin-pemimpinnya melakukan anjakan dengan mengubah pemikiran mereka ke arah kemajuan dan rasionaliti. Mereka tidak sepatutnya taksub kepada ajaran mahu pun arahan yang meminta mereka supaya berfikiran jumud, mundur ke belakang sekalipun arahan itu datangnya dari seorang ulama atau pemimpin utama. Mereka juga diseru supaya membuang kebergantungan berlebihan mereka kepada tongkat (bantuan kerajaan) supaya mereka lebih berdikari dan percaya diri.

Ikuti temuramah tersebut selengkapnya.

Suaris:  Dr Mahathir dalam satu rancangan di Astro Awani beberapa hari lepas berkata orang Melayu akan terus ketinggalan sekiranya tidak dibantu, yang diistilahkan beliau sebagai tongkat. Adakah Dr bersetuju orang Melayu terus diberikan tongkat berkenaan. Sampai bila bantuan ini perlu diteruskan?

Bakri MusaDr Bakri:  Kalau orang Melayu sekarang masih lagi kebelakangan selepas lebih daripada 55 tahun di “bantu” oleh kerajaan UMNO, kita patut periksa dengan teliti apakah yang disifatkan “bantuan” itu.

Sebagai ibu bapa kita sedia maklum betapa mustahaknya cara kita membantu anak anak kita. Kalau kita selalu sahaja memanjakan, jangan harapkan mereka menjadi cemerlang. Kalau kita terlalu kuat atau “strict,” mungkin mereka akan hilang ketegasan sendiri (self-confidence). Begitu juga kalau kita selalu memburukkan dan memberatkan kelemahan mereka.

Dalam rawatan moden, seseorang yang sudah dibedah tulang punggungnya jarang diberi tongkat; kalau diberi hanya untuk seminggu dua sahaja. Sebaliknya, pesakit diberi physiotherapy untuk tujuan berjalan sendiri tanpa tongkat. Pesakit yang saya bedah, pada keesokan harinya saya menyuruh dia bangun berjalan tanpa pertolongan.

Banyak bahayanya jika si pesakit terbaring sahaja di atas katil, antaranya darah beku (blood clot) yang boleh mengakibatkan maut. Pesakit yang saya bedah kerana appendicitis biasanya keluar dari hospital pada esok hari dan kembali berkerja dalam tempoh seminggu. Dua puloh tahun dahulu pesakit seumpama (akan mengambil masa yang lama) baru nak keluar dari hospital!

Satu wawasan perubatan ialah jika badan kita (sama ada urat, tulang, dan juga otak) tidak di kerjakan atau dilatih ia akan menjadi lemah dan reput. Jika saya ikatkan bujang (pemuda) yang kuat dan sehat di atas katil dan “bantu” dia makan, mandi dan sebagainya supaya dia tak payah pun bergerak satu urat, tak sampai seminggu hamba Allah itu tidak akan boleh bangun sendiri; dia akan memohon tongkat sebab badannya sudah menjadi lemah. Itu bahayanya “menolong” berlebih- lebihan.

Kita perlu kaji dengan teliti mengapa “pertolongan” yang diberi kepada kaum kita oleh kerajaan UMNO tidak berkesan.

Bakri's Book

Dr. Mahathir pernah merawat pesakit. Kalau si pesakit tidak sembuh dengan ubat dan rawatan yang diberi, patutkah si doktor terus dengan ubat dan rawatan yang sama bertahun- tahun? Mungkin si pesakit patut dibantu dengan Penicillin, bukan Panadol.

Kadang kadang, walau pun ubat yang diberi itu sesuai, mungkin sukatan yang diberi tidak mencukupi atau berlebihan. Betul, Panadol akan menurunkan demam, tetapi hanya jika diberi dalam sukatan yang berpatutan. Kalau diberi suku pil sahaja, demam takkan turun, dan kita akan salahkan ubat!

Kalau kita bagi ubat berlebihan, itu pun boleh menjadi bisa dan bahaya. Di Amerika setiap tahun berapa orang kanak-kanak maut kerana ibu memberi Tylenol (ubat seperti Panadol) berlebihan mengikut sukatan yang sesuai untuk orang dewasa.

Kalaupun kita bagi ubat yang sesuai serta sukatan yang berpatutan tetapi pesakit masih tidak sembuh, ini bermakna kita patut dan mesti tukar “diagnosis” dan rawatan kita. Penyakit seperti appendicitis memerlukan pembedahan, bukan penicillin.

Mungkin pembaca kurang selesa dengan metafora perubatan, jadi saya gunakan gambaran peladang. Di ladang, kalau kita tidak cabutkan dengan habis-habisan termasuk uratnya, lalang akan gembur dan menimbun serta merosakkan tanaman yang berharga. Apa lagi kalau kita “tolong” lalang itu dengan membajakannya!

Kebun UMNO sekarang ditimbuni lalang. Kalau kita hendak menolong UMNO dan orang Melayu pada umumnya, kita patut semburkan racun Round Up untuk membunuh lalang-lalang itu supaya kita boleh tanam benda yang berguna dan mereka berpeluang bangun. Tetapi apa yang kita buat sekarang? Kita bajakan lalang! Alasannya, betul lalang, tetapi lalang Melayu! Kita mesti tolong sebab Melayu!

“Pertolongan” yang dihebohkan oleh Dr. Mahathir dan pemimpin-pemimpin UMNO saya sifatkan seumpama membajakan lalang. Akibatnya banyak dan lumayan lalang Melayu sekarang; Isa Samad sekarang sembur sebagai peneraju FELDA. Dia dibuktikan bersalah “wang politik” oleh kerabatnya dalam UMNO beberapa tahun lepas. Khir Toyo satu lagi lalang Melayu yang sekarang sembur dalam istana kayangannya yang dibiayai oleh (wang) rakyat.

Di bahagian swasta, lalang Tajuddin Ramli hampir mengorbankan kebun MAS. Banyak lagi lalang di Utusan dan New Straits Times. Dalilnya, pembaca NST sekarang tak sampai separuh daripada sepuluh tahun dahulu. Lalang Melayulah yang menimbun dan akhirnya memusnahkan Bank Bumiputra. Kita tidak hairan dengan kehijauan dan kesuburan lalang, walau pun lalang Melayu!

Pemimpin Melayu seperti Mahathir patut tekun mencari jalan lain yang lebih bererti dan berkesan untuk menolong kaum kita. Jangan hanya suka memuaskan hati dengan mencaci dan membangkitkan kononnya kelemahan bangsa kita. Masyarakat Melayu sekarang berkehendakkan pertolongan racun Roundup bukan baja Urea untuk menghapuskan ahli lalang dalam masyarakat kita. Kebun kita sudah dibanjiri lalang.

Ada pepatah Kristian yang saya terjemahkan lebih kurang seperti berikut. Kalau kita menolong si miskin dengan memberinya seekor ikan, dia akan dapat makan hanya sehari. Tetapi kalau kita tolong dengan mengajar dia mengail, dia akan dapat makan selama hidup. Kalau tolong lebih sedikit, seumpama memberi pinjaman untuk membeli sampan, dia akan mengail laut yang luas dan dapat menanggung sekampung.

Kita tidak menolong kaum kita dengan memberi kuota masuk universiti dengan senang, lesen mengimport dan kontrak-kontrak lumayan, atau menyuruh perusahaan bangsa lain mengambil pengarah-pengarah (biasanya ahli politik) Melayu. Jauh sekali! Itu hanya membajakan lalang. Mereka hanya “ersatz capitalists” atau perusahaan menenggek, bukan tulen.

Pertolongan yang lebih bermakna dan berkatnya berpanjangan ialah jika kita menolong orang Melayu berfikir sendiri. Bebaskan otak orang Melayu. Kalau ungkapan kita masa tahun lima puluhan dahulu ialah “Merdeka Tanah Melayu,” sekarang slogan kita mestilah, “Merdeka Minda Melayu!

Itulah tema buku saya terakhir, “Liberating The Malay Mind.” Apakah yang saya maksudkan dengan minda merdeka? Konsep ini lebih terang dijelaskan melalui cerita seorang alim, Mullah Nasaruddin. Ia terkenal kerana mengajar melalui contoh yang ringkas dan jenaka diri sendiri.

Dia ada jiran yang suka meminjam keldai Mullah tetapi lalai untuk mengembalikannya. Pada satu hari jiran itu datang untuk meminjam binatang itu. Pak Mullah, (yang telah) menjangkakan permintaan itu, telah dulunya menyorokkan binatang itu di dalam reban dan tidak ternampak dari luar. Bila jiran itu memohon, Mullah Nasaruddin dengan lenang membalas, “Keldai ku sudah dipinjam oleh abangku semalam.”

Bila jiran itu kecewa pusing balik, dia kedengaran binatang itu melaung dalam reban. “Kau katakan keldai telah dipinjam oleh abang kau.”

Bakri on Education

Mullah serta-merta menjawab, “Kau lebih percayai ringkikan keldai lebih daripada suara Mullah?” Seorang yang mempunyai minda merdeka lebih mempercayai laungan keldai itu; mereka yang mempunyai minda yang masih dipenjarakan oleh adat dan budaya akan turut mempercayai Mullah walaupun keldai itu ada di hadapan mata.

Kita mesti melatih orang Melayu supaya bila kita dengar laungan keldai kita mesti mempercayai telinga kita walau pun Pak Lebai mengatakan itu hanya suara rekaan sahaja.

Dalam buku terakhir, saya mengemukakan empat cara untuk membebaskan minda Melayu. Pertama, membebaskan sebaran am dan punca-punca maklumat dan berita serta pandangan. Kedua, mengadakan sistem pendidikan yang bebas (liberal education) dan berlandasan kukuh atas asas sains dan matematik.

Ketiga, mendorongkan perusahan dan perdagangan dalam masyarakat kita; iaitu mengalakkan orang Melayu menjadi kaum perusahaan. Bila kita berdagang, kita sifatkan orang bangsa lain bukan sebagai pendatang tetapi bakal pelanggan kita. Maknanya, asas keuntungan kita!

Keempat, kita mesti kaji semula bagaimana kita mengajar agama kepada anak- anak kita serta bagaimana kita mengamalkan agama yang suci ini. Islam telah membebaskan kaum Bedouin Arab yang kanun, membebaskan mereka dari Zaman Jahiliyah kepada Zaman Cahaya. Begitu juga Islam patut membebaskan orang Melayu memulai dengan membebaskan minda kita.

Tanpa membebaskan minda Melayu, tidak kira berapa billion pertolongan kita beri, seberapa lumayan kontrak, AP serta kuota-kuota lain kita hadiahkan, atau berapa senangnya anak-anak kita masuk universiti, itu semuanya tidak bermakna atau berkesan. Semuanya itu bukan “pertolongan” yang tulin, bahkan hanya candu untuk syok sendiri dan hisapan khayalan sahaja. Semuanya saya umpamakan membajakan lalang.

Sebagai negara merdeka Malaysia telah mencapai banyak kejayaan. Kalau kita merdekakan minda Melayu, tidak terhad kejayaan kita sebagai perseorangan dan juga sebagai masyarakat. Yang indahnya, bila minda kita merdeka, ia tidak boleh lagi dipenjarakan.

Tidak payahlah kita ragukan unsur-unsur seperti globalisasi dan neokolonial. Kita tidak lagi bimbang bila anak kita fasih dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa asing. Dengan minda merdeka kita tidak akan berasa terancam bila makhluk Allah lain menggunakan istilah ‘Allah’.

Merdekakan minda Melayu! Itulah satu pertolongan yang berkesan dan tak terharga!Berbalik semula ke ‘tongkat’ yang paling dihargai oleh Mahathir dan kerabatnya dalam UMNO, bagaimana kita boleh mengharap orang-orang kampung membuang tongkat kecil kayu mereka sedangkan tongkat emas yang beberapa lagi indah dan besar diberi kepada sultan-sultan, raja- raja dan menteri- menteri?

Kita marah bila Pak Mat di Kampong Kerinchi menyelewengkan wang pinjaman MARA dua tiga ratus ringgit untuk memajukan warung kopinya untuk membeli baju sekolah anaknya, tetapi bila suami menteri menyelewengkan berjuta- juta duit rakyat untuk membeli kondo mewah, pemimpin seperti Mahathir senyap sahaja.

Melayu tak payah diberi tongkat apa-apa pun. Pertolongan yang patut diberi ialah untuk membebaskan minda kita. Kalau hendak beri pertolongan, hanya tolonglah sedikit mencabut lalang di kebun kita supaya pisang, timun dan kacang kita boleh berpeluang tumbuh. Kalau enggan berbuat demikian, tolong janganlah bajakan lalang tu!

Strategic Advice, Long Before You Invest


January 16, 2013

http://www.nytimes.com

Off the Shelf

Strategic Advice, Long Before You Invest

by Paul B.Brown (Published: January 12, 2013)

TWO market veterans have new books out, offering thoughts about how to invest. But their suggestions come with a twist.

Jake Guevara/The New York Times

Jake Guevara/The New York Times

Instead of telling you what to buy and when, Ken Fisher, who runs Fisher Investments, a large money management firm, and Barton M. Biggs, the former Morgan Stanley partner and hedge fund manager who died before his book was published, mainly provide ideas to consider before you even think about placing your money.

Let’s begin with Mr. Fisher. He makes two very solid points in “Plan Your Prosperity” (Wiley, $26.95), which he wrote with Lara Hoffmans.

First, Mr. Fisher writes, “many investors and even some professionals distinguish between financial planning and retirement planning like they’re two distinct phases, or the two are inherently radically different.” That, he says, is wrong. Your approach — save as much as you can, invest wisely, and so on — should always be the same. It’s just that your time horizon, and therefore the investments you choose, will vary depending on whether you are saving for a long-term goal like retirement or a near-term goal like buying a house or paying for college.

Second, he argues that your investing should be “benchmark” driven.Here is how this could work — and the example is ours, not his: You decide how much you want to make on your money — say, 8 percent — and what kind of investments you are comfortable with. We will assume that it’s a mix of 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds. Then you find an appropriate measuring stick. For this example, you would use a balanced index — 60 percent of which tracked a broad stock market index like the Wilshire 5000, and 40 percent of which mirrored a broad bond index like the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate.

Then you would either buy a mutual fund, like the Vanguard Balanced Index fund, designed to match the benchmark, or build a portfolio on your own that mimicked it.

The fact that we had to create an example underscores a flaw with the book: it is very short on specifics. And that is by design. Mr. Fisher says up front that he is not going to offer benchmark or asset-allocation recommendations. His reasoning is that he doesn’t want to make explicit suggestions without knowing your specific hopes and circumstances. One size, he says, does not fit all.

That’s fair enough. But detailed — if only hypothetical — examples of how to put his advice into practice would have been helpful. It makes sense that your investing approach should be all of one piece, but how exactly do you save for a house you want to buy within five years while still investing for your retirement, which could be decades away?

True, there is no single answer. But laying out a series of possible routes would allow readers to make an educated choice.

The lack of specifics is particularly frustrating for two reasons. First, the subtitle says that this is “the only retirement guide you’ll ever need, starting now — whether you’re 22, 52 or 82.” It’s not, unless you’re an extremely experienced investor, in which case you don’t need the book anyway.

Second, when you read Mr. Fisher’s biography on the book jacket, which notes that he has written a Forbes column for 28 years and is ranked No. 764 on the Forbes World’s Billionaires list, you may be expecting more in the way of “how to’s” from what he has learned along the way.The big ideas are fine, but you are left wanting more.

YOU probably won’t have that reaction to “Diary of a Hedgehog” (Wiley, $29.95), which is actually a diary from the last few years of Mr. Biggs’s life.

Biggs-Quote-and-Photo

My diary, if I kept one, would include things like: “Jan. 5: Tuna fish salad for lunch. Too much celery.” Mr. Biggs’s contains entries like: “The investment process is only half the battle. The other weighty component is struggling with yourself and immunizing yourself from the psychological effects of the swings in the market, career risk” and the like. He also writes: “We are all vulnerable in varying proportions to the deliberating and destructive consequences of these malignancies, and there are no easy answers.”

You can skip over the day-to-day details of what was going on in the markets from mid-2010 to early 2012, the period covered by the diary. (On the other hand, it is interesting to see that despite his stellar record as a stock picker — Institutional Investor named Mr. Biggs to its All-America Research Team 10 times — he agonized when his picks were down for extended periods.)

The important parts are his comments, which often come as asides:

• “Warren Buffett has said he prefers to get his emerging-market exposure through companies like Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, etc. I prefer mine through more direct participation.”

• Commodities are “not an investment,” he says. “An investment by definition is either current income or a stream of future income. When you buy a commodity, you have to be assuming that you are going to be able to sell it at a higher price to someone else, because it has no income. Thus, it is not investing — it is speculating.”

• “Sometimes twiddling your thumbs is the least malignant activity.”

• “I can seldom remember such overwhelming bearishness by the great wise men, professors and stock market soothsayers. My experience has been that it is almost always right to bet against them when the consensus is the largest and the loudest.”

• And, he says sagely, as investors, we “always have to be aware of our innate and very human tendency to be fighting the last war.”

The combined take-away from these two books underscores one of the oldest pieces of financial advice, which is often ignored: Think before you move your money into stocks, bonds or any other investment.

A version of this review appeared in print on January 13, 2013, on page BU18 of the New York edition with the headline: Strategic Advice, Long Before You Invest.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/business/mutfund/in-two-new-books-strategic-advice-before-you-invest.html?ref=books&_r=0

A Change of Tag: Now Transformation Unplugged


January 15, 2013

A Change of Tag: Now Transformation Unplugged

by Idris Jala (01-14-13)@http://www.thestar.com.my

Idris JalaALL too soon another year has passed and a new year is born. And I am back with my column but with a different name this time. We started off with Transformation Blues but now its Transformation Unplugged.

A person performing unplugged music is often capable of striking a deep chord with the audience. Likewise, I would like to be able to share facts and information with readers on the dynamically evolving transformation journey of Malaysia through this column.

If what we needed to do last year was to clear misconceptions and, to state our purpose clearly and unambiguously, we now have to go beyond that and grapple with the issues that arise from our being and doing.

There are two things which we must continue to do this year. First, we must keep focus. We need to be focused so that our efforts are concentrated and not diluted to achieve particular aims.

There are only so many resources we have and these have to be utilised properly and efficiently for maximum benefits to be obtained. Diffuse the effort over too wide an area, and the results will only trickle in a slow stream instead of a raging torrent.

For instance, Pengerang in Johor is being developed as an oil hub with planned investments of RM60bil or more. Other states may want to duplicate such an initiative but there are not enough resources such as financing and expertise to carry it out.

We need to concentrate our efforts on building this oil hub as one massive project and make it a roaring success before we even think about building another one somewhere else. We must be entirely focused.

The other essential thing we must continue to do is to press on ahead with the strategic reform initiatives which will transform the way we do business and create wealth. These are the enablers that will help our country become more competitive.

They cover things such as encouraging competition within the local economy, improving public service delivery, developing human capital which includes major changes in the education system, improving public finance, reducing the role of Government in business and narrowing economic disparities amongst others.

These are vital and necessary for the transformation to take place meaningfully and we will continue to focus our efforts in these areas.

Transformation basically involves change towards achieving our aim of becoming a developed nation with an income of at least US$15,000 (RM45,300) per person by 2020. That remains our true north.

To achieve this, we essentially need both a transformation within the Government and the Government working hand-in-hand with the private sector to achieve our overall economic aims – our economic transformation.

In this context, I want to give credit to our civil service who have stepped forward and made the changes necessary in the Government to achieve the economic gains in partnership with the private sector.

I have said time and again that Pemandu is a monitoring agency for the implementation of projects, deadlines and targets. Achievements come from the civil service and the private sector.

Civil service performance has been nothing short of exemplary and is reflected in most of our key performance indicators or KPIs being met and even comfortably exceeded in many cases. Our measurement and monitoring indicates that we have exceeded targets and that is in large part due to the civil service.

A policy does not become a plan and an achievement until you flesh out every detail and hold someone accountable for each. The yin and yang of change is about being and doing – being is about our purpose and doing focuses on what we should be achieving. When yin and yang complement, we get success.

Pemandu does NOT do things by itself. We are initiators and catalysts of change. We don’t implement them but we coordinate them, we monitor them and facilitate change by mustering government support. It therefore follows that we don’t take credit for achievement which belong to the Government and the private sector.

As always, there’s a lot to do before we reach our ultimate goal of becoming a developed nation by 2020. We must make sure that the ship moves fast enough, and importantly too, stays on course.

Datuk Seri Idris Jala is CEO of Pemandu and Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department. Fair and reasonable comments are most welcome at idrisjala@pemandu.gov.my

The Obama Coalition vs. Corporate America


January 10, 2013

http://www.nytimes.com

The Obama Coalition vs. Corporate America

by Thomas B. Edsall (01-09-13)

The slow implosion of the Republican Party — along with the growing strength of a Democratic coalition dominated by low-to-middle-income voters — threatens the power of the corporate establishment and will force big business to find new ways to reassert control of the policy-making process.

The warning signs are everywhere. The development carrying perhaps the most symbolic significance was the abandonment last week by 85 House Republicans and 40 of the 47 Republican senators of their longstanding commitment not to raise taxes. The tax increase was imposed on the affluent, a core Republican constituency. The Wall Street Journal’s editorial page did not mince words, not that it ever does:

The Senate-White House compromise grudgingly passed by the House is a Beltway classic: the biggest tax increase in 20 years in return for spending increases, and all spun for political purposes as a “tax cut for the middle class.”

The potential institutionalization of a majority Democratic coalition of the downscale – including single women, minorities, union members and the young — is equally (if not more) ominous for members of the top 0.1 percent and for the corporations that have profited over the past 40 years.

Voters in this ascendant coalition believe “politicians help the rich get richer and corporations collect record profits while refusing to hire or increase wages or salaries for workers,” according to an extensive study conducted by the Democratic polling firm Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research.

Although there is a pro-business wing of the Democratic Party — associated with figures like current and former Treasury Secretaries Timothy Geithner and Robert Rubin, and with centrists like Senators Mark Warner of Virginia, Thomas R. Carper of Delaware and  Max Baucus of Montana — this faction is in danger of being submerged by a surge of redistributional demands coming from voters in the bottom half, income-wise.

This isn’t the only thing causing problems for what we used to call Big Business — represented by the Business Roundtable, the United States Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, the American Bankers Association and other trade associations — which faces a set of challenges that have the potential to threaten its clout.

Economists on both the right and left, from Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard University to the Times columnist Paul Krugman, are increasingly talking about the detrimental consequences of high concentrations of economic and political power – concentrations that threaten the innovation that is supposed to be what makes unequal outcomes worth the price.

Daron Acemoglu of M.I.T., who wrote the highly regarded book “Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty” with James A. Robinson of Harvard, argues that concentrations of wealth and market power allow “the already well off and already well organized” to exercise excessive leverage through “lobbying, campaign contributions and otherwise” that distort market processes.

The wide range of hostility to big business is reflected in the views of Erick Erickson, the influential right-wing blogger at RedState.com who, “through a mix of incendiary posts, canny self-promotion (he has 24,540 Twitter followers) and endorsement of conservative primary candidates” has made himself “a conservative powerhouse.” Erickson contends that a central failing of the Republican Party is its subservience to the business elite:

The Republican Establishment gets their head patted as they sip wine with major C.E.O.s who want Washington to just do something. But these C.E.O.s have something in common. They want Washington to work for them. Washington working for Fortune 500 does not equate to Washington working for families or entrepreneurs or small businesses. We have an unlevel playing field with Washington picking winners and losers with cushy jobs for the elites when they leave the Capitol.

A second development that raises the level of hostility to corporate chieftains is the fact that there has been, over the past decade, a sharp decline in the reward for work.

Margaret Jacobson and Filippo Occhino of the Cleveland Federal Reserve  documented this decline in a paper published in September, “Labor’s Declining Share of Income and Rising Inequality.” The following chart shows the continuing shift in the distribution of national income from labor to the owners of capital, beginning in 2000:

Cleveland Fed

An additional chart put together by the Cleveland Fed demonstrates that from 1948 to 1973 compensation rose at almost exactly the same rate as productivity; in other words, workers gained proportionately as their productivity improved. Over the following two decades, from 1974 to 1995, however, the rate of compensation growth fell behind productivity by roughly 0.25 percent a year, and then fell even further, by 0.5 percent, over the years from 1996 to 2011. For a worker making $25,000 a year in 1974, the failure of his pay to keep up with his productivity growth means that he made $5,763 less in 2011, $43,225, than he would have had his pay kept up with productivity gains, $48,988.

The more workers recognize that their wages are not keeping up with their productivity gains, the more they are likely to press for redistributive government action through tax policy or by other means.

Cleveland Fed

Jacobson and Occhino write

that economists have identified three long-term factors that explain why “the wage-productivity gap has widened and the share of income accruing to labor has declined.” The first is the decline of unions and the resulting weakening of the bargaining power of labor. The second has been the movement of well paying jobs overseas – the “migration of relatively more labor-intensive sectors from advanced economies to emerging economies. As a consequence, the sectors remaining in the advanced economies are relatively less labor-intensive, and the average share of labor income is lower.” The third factor is automation and technology advances which have encouraged a shift from workers to machines — “technological change connected with improvements in information and communication technologies, which has raised the marginal productivity and return to capital relative to labor.”

The shift of income from labor to capital occurs at a time (and may well be one of the causes) of huge increases in the share of income flowing to C.E.O.’s and those at the top of the income distribution.

Although the stars are lined up in favor of the anti-corporate left, American business, when its back is to the wall, has historically proved to be extraordinarily resourceful.

Just over 40 years ago, at a similarly volatile moment, Lewis F. Powell, Jr. wrote a 6,030-word memo to the United States Chamber of Commerce that has gained legendary status: The Powell Manifesto or, as it was formally titled, “Confidential Memorandum: Attack on American Free Enterprise System.” The soon-to-be-appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court warned: “We are not dealing with sporadic or isolated attacks from a relatively few extremists or even from the minority socialist cadre. Rather, the assault on the enterprise system is broadly based and consistently pursued. It is gaining momentum and converts.”

In the face of this onslaught, business mobilized and by 1977 was back on top, defeating liberal initiatives like consumer protection and labor law reform during the Carter administration. Then, in 1980, a unified coalition of corporations and trade associations helped Ronald Reagan win the presidency, and the Republican Party wrested control of the Senate.

The 1980 election marked the start of a quarter-century of corporate political hegemony that permeated the administrations of Reagan, George Bush, and George W. Bush – as well as, to a substantial degree, the administration of Bill Clinton.

In other words, the current Republican implosion notwithstanding, it would not be surprising to see conservative feet on Democratic throats before too much time has passed.

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/09/the-obama-coalition-vs-corporate-america/?ref=opinion

Longing for Enlightened Leaders


November 20, 2012

Longing for Enlightened Leaders

by Dr. M.Bakri Musa, Morgan-Hill, California

Before Malaysians grant Prime Minister Najib’s request for a mandate in the coming election, we should examine his performance during the past four years. It has been mediocre, satiated with slogans, and drifting amidst an abundance of acronyms.

If Malaysians are satisfied with KPIs and PEMANDU, or One Malaysia This and Two Malaysia That, then expect more of the same, this time with ever incredulous inanity and flatulent fatuousness.

Najib has not demonstrated any ability or inclination to clean up his administrative house. An early indication of his second term performance is this. Thus far no Cabinet Minister has voluntarily withdrawn from being an electoral candidate. As Najib will not drop them, if they win they will end up in his cabinet again. Nothing would have changed.

A wisecrack definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over, and expecting a different result. That is true only if you let the same cast of incompetent characters carry out the task after they have clearly and repeatedly demonstrated their inability to do so. Pick others more competent and diligent, and the result may well surprise you. It would be far from insanity.

The best advice a science teacher could give a student who repeatedly fails to perform an experiment is to suggest that he pursues music instead, where “practice, practice, practice!” (doing the same thing over and over) may take him to Carnegie Hall. Likewise, the kindest gesture to Najib after he has clearly demonstrated his inability to lead would be for Malaysians to force him into another line of work, by not voting him and his party in.

After over half of century in power, what has UMNO, a party that claims to champion Malays, achieved? Malays today are even more morally corrupt, deeply polarized, and economically disadvantaged than ever before. Those are not my observations. I am merely summarizing what Mahathir, a man who led the country and UMNO for over two decades, said.

Take any social indicator – rate of incarceration, drug abuse, families headed by single mothers – and our community is over represented. Our educational and economic achievements are nothing to be proud of; they are an embarrassment.

Yet UMNO Supreme Council members parade their ‘doctorates’ from degree mills as genuine intellectual achievements. The sorry part is that their colleagues believe them! Spouses and families of ministers brag that their luxurious condominiums are the fruits of their entrepreneurial flair where others see those as reflecting the corruption and cronyism of the system.

Current UMNO leaders are like that inept science student; it is time to force them to pursue other lines of work, anything other than leading us. Voters must be like the strict teacher; flunk the student who repeatedly fails to perform his assigned task. Letting him continue would not do that individual any service; it would only be detrimental to the rest of the class. Voters must flunk these corrupt and incompetent UMNO leaders by voting them out.

UMNO Not A Lost Cause

This does not mean that UMNO is a lost cause; nothing is. Even the most unseaworthy sloop could through imaginative and skilful craftsmanship be brought up to Bristol condition. The operative phrase or caveat is “imaginative and skilful craftsmanship.” Is Najib imaginative and skilful? I never underestimate the ability of an individual to learn or change.

The diminutive, uninspiring and uncharismatic Deng Xiaoping (right) was well in his 70s when he assumed power. He then took his giant nation in a radically different and far better direction.

Unlike Deng, Najib is far from being diminutive physically, but he exceeds Deng in being uninspiring and uncharismatic. Again unlike Deng whose path to power was littered with the carcasses of personal and political tragedies (his son was paralyzed by Red Guard goons and Deng was once paraded in a dunce cap on the streets of Beijing), Najib’s ascend to the top was well paved – by others.

Deng was tempered by life’s bitter lessons; Najib’s the beneficiary of its many blessings. If Najib considers that a handicap and an excuse for his underperformance, then he should look up to another transformative leader of modern times, Franklin D Roosevelt, for inspiration.

Roosevelt, whose name means a field of roses in Dutch, was born into privilege. Yet he uplifted the lives of Americans especially the poor through his New Deal initiatives. His progressive redistributionist policies earned him the sobriquet, “traitor to his class.”

Najib’s name is equally rosy; it means wise, intelligent, or high birth in Arabic. Like Roosevelt, Najib was also born into privilege though not on the same scale as FDR or today. Corruption and cronyism were not yet the norms when Tun Razak was Prime Minister.

Going back to Deng, Najib too spent his formative years as a young man abroad, in Britain, to Deng’s Europe. When Deng left, his father asked him what he hoped to learn. Deng replied, “To learn knowledge and the truth from the West in order to save China.”

I do not know whether Najib had a similar conversation with his father, but one thing I do know. Tun Razak sent all his children abroad to escape the very Malaysian system of education he was championing! Hypocrisy is a good word to describe such a stance. That is one trait Najib inherits from his father.

I risk flattering Najib by mentioning him in the same sentence with Deng and FDR (left). My doing so merely reflects a longing on my part for a leader who could inspire us.

Najib could initiate change now to give us a hint that he is indeed capable of being a “transformative leader” as he so frequently bragged, and not be content with merely mouthing slogans.

He could announce his “shadow” cabinet should Barisan be returned to power. Better yet, revamp his cabinet now and pick his new team to go into the election so citizens could have a reason to vote for Barisan and not merely against Pakatan.

Malaysians do not expect miracles or demand a super team, merely capable and honest ministers. It is not a tall order. Begin by getting rid of those stale politicians in his cabinet. If they haven’t yet made their mark, they are unlikely to do so in the next few years.

Characters like Nazri, Rais, Rastam, and Hishamuddin are like durians that have remained unsold for far too long. They are tak laku (unsellable), not even good for making tompoyak. All they do is stink the place up and lower the value of what few remaining good durians Najib has. Nor are his junior ministers, the next tier of leaders, any better, as exemplified by the recent idiotic utterances of one Dr. Mashitah. She is supposedly better educated, sporting a doctorate of some sort.

I could add a few more names including that of Muhyyiddin, but that would only be divisive. After all, the DPM has as much claim and legitimacy to the top post as Najib. Instead why not join forces and together pick the new dream team.

While he is at it, Najib should also pick a new Attorney General  and Anti-Corruption chief. If Najib were to name individuals with impeccable credentials and professionalism to those two offices, then those old tak laku durians he dropped from his cabinet would not dare create trouble for him.

Najib’s address to the UMNO General Assembly later this month will reveal whether he is content with another session of sloganeering or serious about transforming his party and country. The greater significance is this. By indulging in the former and naming the same old nincompoops to his cabinet and top positions, Najib soils the reputation of our community. It gives the impression that the Nazris, Raises, Rastams, Mashitahs and Hishamuddins represent the best our race is capable of producing or that we are bereft of talents. The shame reflects on all of us.

Malaysia’s New Economic Policy exacerbated Income and Wealth Disparities


November 15, 2012

Malaysia’s New Economic Policy exacerbated  Income and Wealth Disparities

by M Krishnamoorthy, 5:22PM Nov 14, 2012@http://www.malaysiakini.com

The New Economic Policy (NEP) had created new intra-ethnic inequalities and dramatically increased income and wealth disparities in Malaysia.

This is one of the many findings disclosed in a new book, ‘The New Economic Policy in Malaysia’, authored by 12 academicians from various universities in both Malaysia and Singapore. The book will be released next week.

NONEOne of the editors of the book, Universiti Malaya economist Dr Edmund Terence Gomez, (the other being Dr. Johan Sarawanamuttu) said however, overall poverty had fallen and the NEP goals had been achieved in part rather than in their entirety.

NEP was an ambitious affirmative action programme launched by the government in 1971. While NEP nominally ended in 1990, its successors pursue similar affirmative action policies.

It is noted in the soon-to-be launched book that the most prosperous bumiputeras had made substantial economic gains, contributing to serious intra-ethnic wealth and income disparities.

“Spatial inequalities, that are disparities between beneficiaries in different regions, or between urban and rural beneficiaries, had similarly increased. This spatial disparity was partly attributable to the government’s active support of neoliberal policies, such as privatisation of mega-infrastructure projects, and inordinate attention to heavy industrialisation.

“Since the ultimate aim of these policies was to nurture big businesses owned by bumiputeras, this inevitably meant that the poor, including those involved in rural enterprises, had been neglected. Crucially too, a subset of targeted group had become politically powerful, allowing them to also become economically well off,” Gomez told Malaysiakini in an exclusive interview.

Spatial disparities, Gomez (left) added, had worsened after the NEP was implemented because the preferences designed to encourage bumiputera entrepreneurship were disproportionately utilised by members of the targeted group in urban and prosperous rural areas.

“These areas had a level of infrastructural support that was not present in rural regions, including those in Sabah and Sarawak. Affirmative action had not helped develop rural enterprises, even though this was one implicit objective of the NEP.

“Spatial differences have also been exacerbated by the limited ability of the rural poor to take advantage of access to higher education, an issue conditioned on high quality primary and secondary education. This was a further indication of poor infrastructure development in rural areas as well as the capacity of the government to maintain or deliver high quality education in rural areas.”

Only 12% of poor bumi surveyed get scholarship

The issue of the limited capacity of the poor to gain access to higher education was noted in a study that only 12 percent of the bumiputera students surveyed and who had received government scholarships, had come from poor families.

This poor capacity of the education system to foster well-equipped graduates was also noted in this study, drawing attention to a key problem that was also recently acknowledged by the government that of “institutional decline” involving public sector institutions, said Gomez.

In Malaysia, affirmative action programmes targeted at the highest levels of education, adult employment and enterprise development have not resulted in productive outcomes because the government has not ensured that quality education is accorded at primary and secondary schools, the book noted.

“New poverty”, arising from unemployment with the decline of manufacturing, regional under-development and intra-ethnic class differences, has been exacerbated by the limited capacity of the rural poor to make good use of their access to higher education, an issue reliant on a sound primary education.

In business, preferential treatment have led to serious wastage of government resources, according to the book. The Vendor Development Programme (VDP) and the Global Supplier Programme (GSP), said Gomez, were introduced to help SMEs become manufacturers and suppliers of industrial components, machinery and equipment used by large-scale industries and multinational companies.

“The VDP and GSP were hardly successful in nurturing entrepreneurial bumiputera SMEs as they were based on selective patronage, while non-bumiputera-owned companies were not allowed access to the domestic and foreign markets created by the government through these vendor programmes,” said Gomez.

Petronas Chief Executive hints of his impending departure


November 12, 2012

Petronas Chief Executive hints of his impending departure

by The Malaysian Insider

Tan Sri Shamsul Azhar Abas (left with the Prime Minister) has hinted that he may not stay long at Petronas under its new succession policy after pushing through reforms to distance itself as the country’s piggy bank in the last two years he has been its CEO.

“I’ve identified my successor and I’m ready to leave any time. Even tomorrow. I don’t believe in self-preservation,” Shamsul told Financial Times (FT) in an interview published today.

Petronas’ Chief Executive and board serve at the pleasure of the Prime Minister who have over the years tapped into the state oil firm’s funds to build their dream projects and bail out their mistakes.

The man who succeeded the state oil company’s long time chief executive Tan Sri Hassan Marican (right) in 2010 has been determined to shake off its government links and revamp the way it conducts business to instil discipline and control over how its funds are spent and to justify its Fortune 500 tag in order to pursue its commercial interests, the international business daily reported.

Petronas has also been straining for independence against its government ownership by negotiating a cut in an annual subsidy it pays to state coffers that fund some 40 per cent of the national Budget and help offset rising exploration costs abroad as production dwindles at home, FT report.

“It’s no longer a one-man show,” Shamsul told FT. The paper highlighted that Shamsul has been determined to overhaul Petronas’ image as a government-owned business as he tries to rescue its C$5.3 billion (RM16 billion) purchase of power giant Progress Energy Resources, which has been snubbed by the Canadian government as having no “net benefit” to the north American country.

The paper noted Petronas has been working to redress the imbalance of seeing 42 per cent of its overseas income making up only 10 per cent of its earnings.

The CEO told the paper he could not have carried out the reforms “without the support of the Prime Minister” Datuk Seri Najib Razak. But it noted that Shamsul, who has been at Petronas for 37 years since 1975, is also a product of the system he criticises. He appears to understand that his time there may be up soon and has prepared for it.

Shamsul’s predecessor Hassan was believed to have left Petronas due to clashes with Najib back in late 2009 over the appointment of a former senior aide as a Petronas director despite the Prime Minister having absolute powers in board appointments.

Hassan was widely credited with turning Petronas into the only other state-run major international player in the oil and gas space apart from Norway’s Statoil. Since then, he had been appointed to the board of several foreign firms, including as director of Singapore’s Sembcorp Industries.

 

Penang and the Future of Urban Planning


November 9, 2012

Penang and the Future of Urban Planning

by Zairil Khir Johari

When one thinks of Penang today, a few things come to mind: the best food in the world, living heritage, multiculturalism, the hills, the beaches, CAT governance and, inevitably, traffic jams.

Of late, the last has been worsening, so much so that the Guinness Book of World Records should be invited to visit Penang Island on a long weekend to marvel at what is indisputably the world’s largest car park.

 An oft-repeated statistic also never fails to astonish: Road Transport Department data from 2009 reveals that there are about 1.75 million motor vehicles in Penang, compared to an adult population of roughly one million. Yes, that amounts to almost two vehicles per adult.

 Be that as it may, the extraordinary proportion of vehicles alone does not explain the nefarious traffic congestion. After all, one person can’t possibly drive two cars at the same time. What is really exacerbating the situation is a toxic combination of two factors: one a more recent phenomenon and the other a legacy issue.

 Success breeds development

Firstly, there are more vehicles crisscrossing the island today because Penang has, to put it simply, become a more happening place. Excitement has grown over the last few years due in part to the conferment of UNESCO World Heritage status on George Town, as well as an explosion of commercial activities stemming from an increasing number of development projects and multi-billion ringgit manufacturing investments that translate into higher employment, stronger purchasing power and healthy consumerism; hence the mushrooming of boutique hotels, eclectic bistros and a revival of the social scene.

As various international commentators have noted, Penang is buzzing again. And news travels fast, especially when it is promoted by such sources of information as The Economist, Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg, New York Times, Yahoo! and even famed lifestyle magazine Monocle. As a result, more and more people now want to come to Penang.

In short, a confluence of culture, cash and cars has resulted in this seemingly interminable traffic malady which inflicts its worst on weekends and holidays.

At the same time, one cannot deny another direct corollary of success – development. And in a water-locked, land-scarce city, development will invariably take a vertical rather than a horizontal form, thus contributing to higher density per capita and, as a result, increased pressure on the existing infrastructure. Now, contrary to what one may instinctively think, this by itself isn’t necessarily a problem.

While density, especially in recent times, has become something of a taboo in Penang, it would be awfully imperceptive to blame density for the sake of it. Such a postulation would ignore the fact that many of the most liveable cities in the world, such as Vancouver, Sydney and Singapore, are also some of the most densely populated. After all, the viability of public transport is predicated upon a necessary level of density. A dense urban form also minimises per capita carbon emissions and reduces energy costs.

Yet density by itself does not work unless it is accompanied by sufficient infrastructure and a logical ecosystem. In other words, it has to go hand-in-hand with proper planning. Seen in this light, Penang’s success in the last four years has unfortunately also exposed a deep-seated flaw – Penang was simply not designed for it.

 An irrational urban form

The reality of Penang today is that we have an urban form that is sprawled and disjointed, with a gaping disconnect between residential areas, commercial centres and public infrastructure. Such a design is in fact the hallmark of an urban model based on mid-20th century Americana-style zoning and a culture of automobile-dependence.

The premise of the post-war American dream was thus: owning a dream home (complete with garage, front lawn, backyard and swimming pool) on your own piece of land. Naturally, such forms of low-density residential development were only possible by expanding development into the peripheries of the metropolitan area. In short, cities began to spread outwards.

With the availability of cheap fuel, expansive highways and acres of parking spaces for malls built even further out, Suburbia was successfully created. Unfortunately, such an urban form could only go so far. As populations (both human and vehicular) increased, Suburbia began to crack under pressure.

With rising energy costs, waning income growth and diminishing availability of credit, the American urban sprawl model has now been revealed to be unsustainable and cost-ineffective.

In the case of Penang, the American influence is undeniable. Inspired by Suburbia, and having never imagined a day when vehicles would outnumber people on the island, Penang’s urban planners in the 1960s and 1970s began to adopt a sprawled and zoned approach. The previously densely-populated city core that once saw residential and commercial cohabitation was quickly hollowed out. New suburban residential areas were demarcated, and to ensure quality of life, commercial and industrial areas were kept as far away as possible.

Public transport was ignored as it was believed that middle class suburban Penangites would be able to afford cars (and on this point they have not been disappointed).

As a result, we have inherited the situation today in which industrial estates have been carved out all the way to the south of the island and on the mainland, while residential developments pepper the northern coast and central valley. Such an urban form, considered ideal 40 years ago when the population was smaller and less people owned cars, is now the very reason why people find themselves stuck in intractable jams as they attempt to make the illogical commute from residential corridors to commercial and industrial zones through tarmac arteries that are simply unable to handle the rising volume.

Back to basics

 There is of course no quick fix to this ignominious problem. However, it is comforting to note that the solution may not be impossible. Firstly, adequate infrastructure must be provided. This involves not only road constructions such as bypasses and highway building where appropriate, but also a major investment and prioritisation in public transport.

But even more importantly, whatever remedy taken must not only be evidence-based and designed in consideration of current and future mobility needs – an approach duly acknowledged by the state government’s commissioning of the soon-to-be-released Transport Masterplan, but must also form a logical part of a bigger and more holistic urban planning approach.

The good news is that no reinvention is required. As observed by MIT Media Lab director and architect Kent Larson, pre-automobile cities like Paris are actually agglomerations of smaller villages. On their own these villages are self-sustaining ecosystems, with the availability of every basic necessity within a 20-minute (or one-mile) radius – a school, a clinic, a gym, a grocer, a café, a post office.

Such a system works because it makes sense. No long traveling is required in order to access basic amenities and fulfil basic needs. Living, working and playing occur in the same neighbourhood. In fact, such a design naturally encourages walking and cycling. Any necessary outside travel is then undertaken via public transport which serves these dense, self-sustaining “villages”.

Believe it or not, Penang once upon a time used to display these very same features. Unlike the clusters and sprawls which typify the state today, Penang’s pre-automobile urban form was actually a sustainable one.

 In pre-sprawl Penang, George Town was where most people lived, worked and played. Every necessary destination was reachable by foot or, if it was a little further, by bus. Today, the island has been completely delineated by zones which separate residential, commercial and industrial activities. At the same time, people have no choice but to travel between these zones by automobile because it is simply impossible for public transport to efficiently service the chaotic sprawl that Penang has become.

As Penang strives to become an internationally competitive city, it is imperative that we transform the incoherent urban form that we have inherited into one that works.

In other words, we need to create a sustainable city that is able to connect people, via efficient public infrastructure, to homes, amenities, centres of employment and trade. Moving forward requires us to look to the past.

No Longer Carrefour in Malaysia, now Aeon from Japan


November 1, 2012

No Longer Carrefour in Malaysia, now Aeon from Japan

by AFP

PARIS — French retail giant Carrefour said Wednesday it had sold its network of stores in Malaysia to Japan’s Aeon for for an enterprise value of 250 million euros ($324 million).

“The transaction is part of Carrefour?s strategy of refocusing on its core activities and allocating its resources to mature countries where it occupies strong and established positions and emerging markets where it has strong growth potential,” the French retailer said in a statement.

An enterprise value usually includes the value of the debt of the company being acquired minus cash in the business.Carrefour said Aeon would gain a leading position in the Malaysian market with the sale.

With 26 hypermarkets, Carrefour was the fourth largest retailer in Malaysia with net sales of 400 million euros in the year to June.A major retailer in Japan, Aeon already has 29 stores in Malaysia.

Carrefour, the world’s second-biggest retailer by sales after Walmart, has been seeking to rejuvenate its performance which has been held back by the slowdown in its core European markets.

The shakeup and refocus of its operations helped generate a 2.1 percent-increase in third-quarter sales.Earlier this month sold off its operations in Colombia for an enterprise value of 2 billion euros.

-AFP.

Koon Swan honored


October 31, 2012

Koon Swan honored for Contributions to Politics and Business

by Teoh El Sen@http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com

Former MCA Chief Tan Koon Swan will be awarded a “Lifetime Achievement Award” for his contributions to politics and business at the 4th World Chinese Economic Forum (WCEF) next month, announced MCA President Dr Chua Soi Lek today.

Tan will be among seven others to be conferred the award at WCEF which will be held in Melbourne, Australia starting November 12.

Congratulating Tan, Chua said:”It is time for what we call redemption. He has gone through a very difficult time and he deserves the award. The prosecutor in his case has admitted to being wrong and has exonerated him… time has proven that he (Tan) is innocent.”

Chua added that it was high time that Tan, who he described as a “well-known corporate figure”, have his hard work and contributions recognised.

The Singapore Commercial Affairs Department (CAD) in 1985 slapped Tan with 15 charges, including criminal breach of trust (CBT) and share manipulation following the collapse of Pan-Electric

Industries, which temporarily halted the Malaysia and Singapore stock exchanges. Tan, who had a stake in Pan-Electric, was found guilty and jailed two years. He was MCA President between November 1985 and September 1986, before quitting after the scandal.

Glenn Knight, then Director of CAD, in his recently-launched book, “Glenn Knight: The Prosecutor”, apologised to Tan for the “wrongful prosecution”. In his words, Tan was “technically an innocent man”.

Knight’s book was disputed by Singapore’s Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC), which said that Tan’s conviction stood and he remains guilty of the crime that he had admitted to.

Others receiving the lifetime awards are Dr Jonathan Choi– Chairman of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (for Community Leadership); Jannie Chan – Vice Chairman of The Hour Glass Ltd & President, ASEAN Business Forum(for Women Leadership);Councillor Ken Ong – Melbourne City Council (for Community Leadership); Jenny McGregor – Founding Chief

Executive Officer, Asialink Centre, Australia (for Leadership in Asian Studies in Australia); Vincent Lee Fook Long – Executive Deputy Chairman, The Star Publications (Malaysia) Berhad(for Media and Communications); Vincent Lo – Chairman, Shui On Group (for Leadership in Property Sector); Liew Kee Sin – President/Chief Executive Officer, SP Setia Berhad Group (for Property Development Leadership).

Meanwhile, Chua said the WCEF, being the first time held outside of Malaysia, was a very significant event for both Asians and Western countries.

“The way to go, as Australia has identified, is to maximise and tap into the growing economy of Asia, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. It is often said that the centre of gravity of the economy has shifted from the West to the East.

“The economic growth in the next few years is very positive about this part of the world, rather than America and European Union, who have not put their house in order. Whereas in Asia, growth has remained uninterrupted,” he said.

The Last of the Malaysian Newspaper Mohicans


October 30, 2012

My Friend Syed Nadzri: The Last of the Malaysian Newspaper Mohicans

Source:

http://uppercaise.wordpress.com/2012/10/30/syed-nadzri-bids-farewell-to-balai-berita/

Syed Nadzri Syed Harun, Group Editor of the New Straits Times, said farewell to the editorial staff this evening, at a sombre tea party on the 2nd Floor.

His impending departure had been talked about for the past month and word was that he would be taking up a directorship at a large corporation, but for the moment that is just shop talk.

The newsroom focus is more about who might replace him: next in rank is Managing Editor Nuraina Samad.

For the past year, however, it has been Group Managing Editor Jalil Hamid, former Press Secretary to the Prime Minister, who has been calling the shots in the newsroom, as Ahmad Talib did before him and occasionally still does.

Syed Nadzri’s departure comes against a backdrop of constant sniping from pro-UMNO bloggers, especially those allied to Mahathir Mohamad as well as Najib Razak, determined to root out anyone still at Balai Berita seen to be allied with former Deputy Chairman Kalimullah Hassan.

Syed Nadzri rose through the ranks, beginning as a sports reporter with The Star before he moved to Balai Berita on the News Desk. Even as group editor, he would often be at a terminal near the desk in the afternoons, going through copy, rather than in his office.

Last month he was honoured by the National Press Club with its Lifetime Achievement award for his contributions to the industry.

With his departure, the NST has probably seen the last of the professional journalists holding the position, although the appointment of NST editors has always been subject to approval by UMNO Presidents.

Political appointees as group editor-in-chief, responsible for both the NST and Berita Harian, have been the NST editor de jure for many years, with the NST Group Editor (editorially responsible for the New Straits Times and New Sunday Times) reduced to a figurehead position responsible for day-to-day affairs.

Now with the New Straits Times Press swallowed up into the bowels of Media Prima, with television revenues covering for NST losses, and the politicisation of the group media in preparation for the coming general election, it remains to be seen whether there will still be a group editor’s position to be filled.But they do say nature abhors a vacuum.

Ali Hamsa touts Malaysia’s PPP Model in India


October 26, 2012

Ali Hamsa touts Malaysia’s PPP Model in India

Bernama reports:

The public-private partnerships (PPP) initiative,  one of the major transformational approaches in the public sector in Malaysia, has worked well for the country’s development, says Chief Secretary to the Government Dato’ Seri Dr. Ali Hamsa.

The PPP model allows government allocation for development projects to be reduced and it can shift its attention to projects that will be implemented and funded by the private sector.

“The PPP experience has shown that truly business is no longer usual. It has also enriched both the public and the private sector, especially by sharing of best practices,” he said at the biennial conference of the Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management. His presentation was titled “Reaffirming the Public Service Ethos: The Malaysian Experience”.

“Within a short period of time PPP has become a major mode of private sector driven financing for development projects,” said Ali. In just two years, it has attracted RM65 billion in private investment.

He said while government contracting with the private sector is not new, the emergence of public-private partnership as a form of policy implementation and service delivery was a new development for Malaysia.

“PPPs present new challenges in terms of contract specification, accountability arrangements and governance mechanisms,” he said.

Ali also said the Public-Private Partnership Unit (UKAS), which leads PPP implementation, has taken proactive steps to enhance integrity within its organisation.

Among the major functions of UKAS is to manage the Facilitation Fund, negotiating concession terms and conditions for PPP and the Facilitation Fund and implementing value management process.

UKAS has put in place specific measures to ensure that its function, roles and activities are implemented transparently and with integrity and, adhered to all specified regulations, he added. — Bernama

Keeping Economies Ticking


October 4, 2012

http://www.nst.com.my

Keeping Economies Ticking

by Dr. Zeti A.Aziz, Governor, Bank Negara Malaysia

The global economy has now entered into a period of slower economic growth despite the significant and wide-ranging pro-growth policies that have been implemented across the world. Why then has the world not been able to achieve a sustained long-lasting recovery? What has been holding back this prospect?

In addition, rapid and significant changes in the global environment have also brought with them new demands and new challenges. Our understanding of the factors that are containing the global growth prospects and the consequence of the new environment will better position us to face a fundamentally new landscape and to manage its challenges.

The topic on the big shift that is being experienced in the world today is indeed relevant. While the international and national attention is currently focused on the immediate challenges of the global environment, equally important, however, is to recognise the long-term changes that will reshape our future.

My remarks today will focus on the immediate challenges of the global economy, taking into account fundamental factors that are likely to affect the growth outlook. The second part of my remarks will touch on the key imperatives to best prepare us for the new global landscape, so as to be better positioned to succeed and survive in this new environment.

Policymakers in the world economy have continued to be confronted with policy challenges since the onset of the global financial crisis. While the policy responses have focused on addressing the origins of the crisis — on the extensive build-up of excesses, over-leverage and over-indebtedness of the private and public sectors, breakdown in the functioning of financial markets, loss of competitiveness, and loss of confidence in the financial system and the economy, the concern now is on achieving a sustained economic recovery that is accompanied by job creation.

Half a decade into the crisis, and this has yet to be achieved. In recent months, the global economy has again experienced a broad-based moderation in growth from an already modest pace. This has stemmed largely from renewed weakness of recovery in several of the major advanced economies.

In the United States, the significant monetary accommodation, reinforced by the large-scale financial market interventions and the significant fiscal stimulus during the early stage of the crisis, has averted an economic depression, but it has not, however, brought about a sustained recovery.

In Europe, an economic contraction is being experienced, resulting from the combination of fiscal austerity, tight credit conditions, and continued uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets. While important progress has been made recently in Europe on the arrangements that will contribute to containing significant high-risk events, and in paving the way towards a more sustainable and integrated European region, its immediate-term effects on economic recovery is likely to be limited.

 There are several factors that are containing the potential for sustained growth in these economies. This can be classified into seven categories.

First is the gradual process of unwinding the excesses that had been built up over several years. These include the high degree of indebtedness by households, the financial sector and public sector.

Second is the significant long-term structural adjustments that are needed to regain relative competitiveness. This will involve greater efficiency and innovation within existing industries, and the shifting of resources out of industries in which these economies no longer have comparative advantage into new industries which have comparative advantage.

While the former may result in economic gains, these may not necessarily be accompanied by increased employment, and the latter may result in temporary economic dislocation and increased unemployment. Thus, even if such policies were to yield results, they may not produce a robust recovery of economic activity and a reduction in unemployment in the short and medium term.

The third is the need for the introduction of new institutions and the transformation of existing institutions to render them relevant to the changed environment. While existing institutions may need to be transformed, merged or even dissolved, new institutions may need to be established to facilitate management of the new environment. The same will hold true for businesses if they are to remain competitive and, in particular, if they should venture into new areas and across borders.

The fourth category of factors concerns economic and financial management. Macroeconomic policies in most of these economies have been pursued to the limit, rendering limited policy flexibility. Monetary policy accommodation has resulted in substantially low interest rates which have been brought down to near zero levels, while the cumulative fiscal expansion during the period 2007-2009 has amounted to an average of four per cent of gross domestic product.

In addition are the potential intended or unintended consequences of the international regulatory reforms. The reforms have focused on building a stronger global regulatory framework and raising the resilience of the banking system. While still in their early stage of implementation, concerns have been raised on their implications for the cost to both the financial intermediation process and to the real economy.

An important change in our environment both at the national and international levels is the increased interconnectedness within the financial system and the global economy. This greater interconnectedness, and hence the greater interdependence, requires having in place the governance arrangements for greater coordination.

Fifth is that these arrangements have not been put in place  at the national and international levels.  In addition, corporations or organisations in this new environment can no longer function by departments or sections, but as an integrated organisation.  This also requires new governance arrangements.

For an economy or a financial system, we have seen how a crisis in one segment was thought to be confined, but it had pervasive consequences on the entire financial system and the economy.

Sixth, is that despite the increased connectivity of the world, as exemplified by the swift spread of the financial crisis and economic shocks throughout the global economy and international financial system in 2008, the institutional arrangements for the cross-border dimension of policy-making have yet to reach the levels commensurate with the degree of economic and financial integration in the world.

Finally, seventh, the response to the crisis needs to be comprehensive. While addressing weaknesses and lapses is important, equally important is the enabling environment for the measures to yield results. Pro-growth policies are vital for this.During the Asian financial crisis, Malaysia gave equal attention to financial sector resolution to restore the financial intermediation process and thus credit supply. Equally, emphasis was placed on addressing the problems of borrowers.

Debt restructuring and mechanisms for support were put in place for the corporate sector, small and medium-scale enterprises and the household sector. This supported growth of the economy and at a fraction of the cost of the financial sector resolution.

In this current environment, the emerging economies are challenged by both the weakening global growth and the spillovers arising from the policy actions in the major advanced economies. While continuing to register reasonable economic growth, the momentum of the growth has moderated in most emerging economies, affected by slowing external demand and uncertainty in the financial markets.

Nevertheless, ongoing shifts in the emerging economies have contributed to sustaining our econo-mies. It is the growing importance of domestic demand in most of Asia’s emerging economies that is creating a huge cumulative domestic market, and this is resulting in greater regional integration with an increase in inter-regional trade.

Greater regional and inter-regional integration of the emerging economies through the proliferation of interlocking networks of trade, investment and finance, has contributed to provide mutually reinforcing support to economic activity in the emerging economies.

In Malaysia, the decline in external demand while affecting overall growth, has been partially offset by stronger domestic demand, following the robust resumption of private consumption and investment activities, and the diversification of exports to the regional economies. In addition, the wide-ranging reforms since the Asian financial crisis have resulted in strengthened financial intermediaries and a more developed financial system. This has allowed for the economy to better intermediate the volatile cross-border flows without disruption to the financial system.

Also, Malaysia’s economic flexibility has allowed us to shift resources from industries in which we no longer have comparative advantage to new areas of growth. It is these factors that will continue to underpin the positive growth outlook of the Malaysian economy into the near to medium term.

The changing global landscape presents significant new challenges for both the developed and emerging economies. Important is to be well-positioned to manage the new risks and to build the necessary capability and capacity to have the agility and flexibility to adjust to the rapidly changing conditions. As the emerging economies aspire towards achieving higher levels of income and living standards, a different path from that which led the way for the advanced economies will now need to be considered.

The current global financial crisis and the Asian financial crisis have provided us with many important lessons that should form the underpinnings for our business models and our policies for growth and development. A key priority of policy should be to balance the need of ensuring sustained stability while having in place the necessary foundations to secure long-term development.

Avoiding and preventing the build-up of excesses is a critical imperative. The recent crisis has forcefully shown that markets cannot be exclusively relied on to rein in excesses. Market discipline needs to be complemented by policy interventions to effectively manage the build-up of imbalances in the financial sector and in the economy.

In the financial system, this involves putting in place more comprehensive regulatory frameworks, complemented by enhanced surveillance arrangements and relatively more intrusive supervisory oversight. It also involves having wide-ranging policy tools, including macro-prudential policies, to mitigate and manage risks emanating from excesses in the system.

As the experience in advanced economies has shown, the source of imbalances can arise in a number in segments of the economy, including from the household, the financial and the public sectors. This underscores the importance of prudence; to ensure that growth is underpinned by sustainability and not excesses. A further lesson is to build buffers during the good times to better position us to withstand future shocks.

Equally important for policy in the emerging economies is to put in place the necessary foundations for long-term growth. The first is to create a competitive environment that allows for greater economic flexibility. This includes reforms for a sequenced and gradual removal of distortions prevailing in the economy, lowering the costs of doing business, and to streamline the involvement of the public sector in businesses.

The second is to accord importance to investments in modern infrastructure, and to enhance technological readiness that will enable the economy to prepare for the changing economic and financial landscape.

Another area of significance is to ensure balanced and inclusive development. Indeed, in the emerging economies, this is becoming increasingly urgent as the benefits of rapid development have not been evenly distributed, and income inequality has risen further even in the developed economies. Going forward, economic empowerment will increasingly depend on access to technology, high quality education, healthcare and social security systems.

Equally important is greater financial inclusion. Without policy intervention, the trend towards greater inequality could potentially intensify. In Malaysia, many of the necessary policy strategies for long-term growth in these areas of significance are already at various stages of implementation, with considerable progress in certain areas.

As the technological gap between the emerging and advanced econo-mies converges, it will become increasingly critical for an emerging economy like Malaysia to transition from growth based on capital accumulation, to growth based on productivity improvements. In addition, the rising global inter-connectedness characterised by the emergence of highly intricate networks such as the increase of global manufacturing supply chains, increases the susceptibility of industries to both cascading failures, as well as to the rapid re-orientation of business competitiveness through disruptive innovations such as in the mobile computing industry or the possible rise of additive manufacturing.

To advance forward in this direction, human capital development is pivotal. It leads to greater value creation, enhanced technological readiness and the capacity to innovate and adapt — all of which are key for firms to operate in the new landscape. Productivity is thus not only a function of physical technology, but of talent development, given the increasing dynamic and complex environment.

In the area of regional collaboration and cooperation, the Asian region is well ahead in the areas of surveillance arrangements, financial safety nets and crisis management. These frameworks and arrangements were established in the period of relative stability since the Asian financial crisis. The establishment of regional arrangements and platforms, including the building of regional financial infrastructures and markets, is not only aimed at facilitating the efficient intermediation of financial resources in the region, but also at safeguarding financial stability in the region.

This trend paves the way for coordinated policy actions to manage and mitigate the risks and vulnerabilities to the region. Given our diversities, there is also tremendous opportunity for the private sector, in particular in Asean, to integrate further in the areas of trade, investment and finance, and to leverage on the respective comparative advantage that exists in the region.

While we could best prepare for the future using all the knowledge that we have, the transition towards the new landscape will continue to be paved with uncertainty and new challenges. Further, there will be increasing complexity in the functioning of the global economy and international financial system.

In this environment, perhaps the best compass for policy-makers and businesses is one that is centred on principles; in particular, on ethics and integrity. Recent experiences in the advanced economies have put this into question. This needs to be restored.

The next generation of policy-makers and leaders in business will be defined not by the power they hold and the amount of wealth they amass, but by the stewardship they exercise in serving the people and the responsibility they demonstrate to their communities

*Governor Zeti’s Address at the Khazanah Megatrends Forum 2012 on  October 2, 2012